Security Transitions
American Economic Review
vol. 111,
no. 7, July 2021
(pp. 2275-2308)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study this issue by examining the recent, large-scale security transition from international troops to local forces in the ongoing civil conflict in Afghanistan. We construct a new dataset that combines information on this transition process with declassified conflict outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data of residents' perceptions of local security. Our empirical design leverages the staggered roll-out of the transition, and employs a novel instrumental variables approach to estimate the impact. We find a significant, sharp, and timely decline of insurgent violence in the initial phase: the security transfer to Afghan forces. We find that this is followed by a significant surge in violence in the second phase: the actual physical withdrawal of foreign troops. We argue that this pattern is consistent with a signaling model, in which the insurgents reduce violence strategically to facilitate the foreign military withdrawal to capitalize on the reduced foreign military presence afterward. Our findings clarify the destabilizing consequences of withdrawal in one of the costliest conflicts in modern history, and yield potentially actionable insights for designing future security transitions.Citation
Fetzer, Thiemo, Pedro C. L. Souza, Oliver Vanden Eynde, and Austin L. Wright. 2021. "Security Transitions." American Economic Review, 111 (7): 2275-2308. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20200412Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D74 Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
- F51 International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
- F52 National Security; Economic Nationalism
- O17 Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements