Continuous Gender Identity and Economics

By Anne Ardila Brenøe, Lea Heursen, Eva Ranehill, and Roberto A. Weber

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Economic research on gender largely focuses on biological sex, the binary classification as either a "man" or "woman." We investigate the value of incorporating a measure of continuous gender identity (CGI) into economics by exploring whether it explains ...

Integration Costs and Missing Women in Firms around the World

By Conrad Miller, Jennifer Peck, and Mehmet Seflek

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Where social norms favor gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. If the costs of integration are largely fixed, firms will integrate only if their expected number of female employees under integration exceeds some thresh...

Hacking Gender Stereotypes: Girls' Participation in Coding Clubs

By Michela Carlana and Margherita Fort

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Who are the girls who decide to sign up for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs and coding clubs? In this paper, we rely on a large set of survey data from students to analyze how female students who apply to coding clubs dif...

Gender Economics and the Meaning of Discrimination

By Shelly Lundberg

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Advances in economics hold much promise for an improved understanding of complex issues concerning gender and gender inequalities. A more realistic economics of choice based on behavioral economics, evidence of social influences on economic outcomes, and ...

Addressing Strategic Uncertainty with Incentives and Information

By Marina Halac, Elliot Lipnowski, and Daniel Rappoport

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

A principal privately contracts with a set of agents who then simultaneously make a binary decision. Each contract specifies an individual allocation and the information the agent is given about a fundamental state and other agents' contracts. We study th...

Efficient Full Implementation via Transfers: Uniqueness and Sensitivity in Symmetric Environments

By Mariann Ollár and Antonio Penta

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We study efficient full implementation via transfers in unique rationalizable strategies in environments that are symmetric in two senses: first, agents display the same total level of preference interdependence; second, types are commonly known to be dra...

Preventing Bottlenecks in Organizations

By Fumitoshi Moriya and Takuro Yamashita

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Organizations may suffer from unforeseen negative shocks, potentially leading to severe bottlenecks. This paper studies an optimal incentive scheme robust to those shocks in the effort induction problem in team production. The optimal scheme under the no-...

Robustness of Rank Independence in Risky Choice

By B. Douglas Bernheim, Rebecca Royer, and Charles Sprenger

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

Bernheim and Sprenger (2020) devise and implement a novel test of rank-dependent probability weighting both in general and as formulated in cumulative prospect theory. They reject both hypotheses decisively. Cumulative prospect theory cannot simultaneousl...

Simplicity and Probability Weighting in Choice under Risk

By Drew Fudenberg and Indira Puri

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We present a speculative application of model estimates from Fudenberg and Puri (2021) to prize-linked savings in South Africa. The models used include one combining simplicity theory (Puri 2018, 2022), a preference for lotteries with fewer possible outco...

Revealed Preferences for Randomization: An Overview

By Marina Agranov and Pietro Ortoleva

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We survey the empirical evidence on subjects' desire to randomize and its relation to stochastic choice. Preferences for randomization are documented by a substantial body of empirical work using different methodologies and in several domains, including o...

Persistent Monetary Policy in a Model with Labor Market Frictions

By Roman Goncharenko and Elizaveta Lukmanova

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

In a basic New Keynesian DSGE model with involuntary unemployment and inflation target shocks, we study the role of labor markets in the transmission of persistent monetary policy shocks that increase households' inflation expectations. The model predicts...

Monetary Policy, Labor Market, and Sectoral Heterogeneity

By Aarti Singh, Jacek Suda, and Anastasia Zervou

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We study the effects of monetary policy on the labor market across different sectors. We find that the employment response is stronger for firms in manufacturing and construction relative to firms in services. The result also holds within small and large ...

Do Bonuses Offset the Allocative Effects of Downward Rigid Base Wages?

By Anne Kathrin Funk and Daniel Kaufmann

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We measure the labor market outcomes of employees with downward rigid base wages after an unexpected deflationary shock in Switzerland using a firm survey matched with Social Security register data. The employees that additionally receive downward flexibl...

Does (All) Police Violence Cause De-policing? Evidence from George Floyd and Police Shootings in Minneapolis

By Maya Mikdash and Reem Zaiour

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

We test for a "Ferguson Effect" by studying how police effort responds to different incidents of police violence. We do so using two settings in Minneapolis: (1) George Floyd's murder, and (2) police-involved shootings. We find that following George Floyd...

Law Enforcement Officers' Bills of Rights and Police Violence

By Jamein P. Cunningham, D. L. Feir, Rob Gillezeau, Matthew Harvey, and Abdul Nasser Rad

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

There is widespread concern among activists and legal scholars that Law Enforcement Officers' Bills of Rights (LEOBRs) limit police accountability and potentially impact the use of force. We exploit variation in the timing of the adoption of LEOBRs across...

Police Frisks

By David S. Abrams, Hanming Fang, and Priyanka Goonetilleke

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

The standard economic model of police frisks implies that the contraband hit rate should rise when the number of frisks falls, ceteris paribus. We provide the first empirical corroboration of such models of police behavior by examining changes in frisks f...

Measuring Police Performance: Public Attitudes Expressed in Twitter

By Taeho Kim

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

I study the viability of Twitter-based measures for measuring public attitudes about the police. I find that Twitter-based measures track Gallup's measure of public attitudes toward the police starting around 2014, when the Twitter user base stabilized, b...

Discrimination, Segregation, Integration, and Expropriation

By Geoffrey Fain Williams

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

I look at simple models of segregation and integration in a regional economy using a standard Cobb-Douglas production function and show that White capital does better in integration and White labor does better in segregation. I suggest that White capital ...

Media Access and Consumption in the Civil Rights Era

By Tianyi Wang

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

This paper uses the 1960 census and contemporary individual survey data to document the media landscape during the American civil rights movement. I find that southern Black households' TV ownership was much lower than those of other groups in the nation....

Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the "Great Retreat"

By Samuel Bazzi, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson, and Patrick A. Testa

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2022

This paper studies the rise of sundown towns—places where Blacks and other minorities were excluded after dark—outside the South after 1890. We provide a new dataset on the timing of sundown town establishment using full count census records. Using a ...