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On-Demand Assistance: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia

By Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Sudarno Sumarto, Achmad Maulana, Vivi Alatas, and Elan Satriawan

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

Given labor informality in developing countries, addressing employment shocks is challenging. We study Indonesia’s new approach for on-demand online applications for temporary cash assistance and online job training. Through 20 lotteries over two year...

Moonshot: Public R&D and Growth

By Shawn Kantor and Alexander Whalley

American Economic Review, September 2025

We estimate the long-term effect of public R&D on growth in manufacturing by analyzing new data from the Cold War–era space race. We develop a novel empirical strategy that leverages US-Soviet rivalry in space technology to isolate windfall R&D spending...

Childhood Health Shocks and the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality

By Tine M. Eriksen, Amanda P. Gaulke, Jannet Svensson, Niels Skipper, and Peter R. Thingholm

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

This paper documents a socioeconomic gradient in adult labor market penalties stemming from a single chronic and treatable childhood health shock in a country with universal access to healthcare. Using childhood onset Type 1 Diabetes, Danish administrat...

How Effective Are R&D Tax Incentives? Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence

By Silvia Appelt, Matěj Bajgar, Chiara Criscuolo, and Fernando Galindo-Rueda

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

Recent firm-level studies find R&D tax incentives to be much more effective at stimulating firms’ R&D investment than aggregate analyses suggest. Based on a distributed analysis of official R&D survey and administrative tax relief microdata for 19 OE...

Highway to Hitler

By Nico Voigtländer and Hans-Joachim Voth

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, January 2026

We show that the building of the Autobahn network in Nazi Germany boosted popular support for Adolf Hitler, helping to entrench the Nazi dictatorship. Direct local economic benefits are unlikely to explain the effect. Instead, it reflects successful propa...