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  5. The Educational Consequences of Remote and Hybrid Instruction During the Pandemic

The Educational Consequences of Remote and Hybrid Instruction During the Pandemic

Abstract

Using testing data from over 2 million students in nearly 10,000 schools in 49 states (plus D.C.), we investigate the role of remote and hybrid instruction in widening gaps in achievement by race and school poverty. We find that remote instruction was a primary driver of the widening gaps. Math gaps did not widen in areas that remained in-person (although they saw some widening in reading gaps). We estimate that high-poverty districts that went remote in 2020–21 will need to spend nearly all of their federal aid on academic recovery to help students recover from pandemic-related achievement losses.