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We evaluate the effects of teaching negotiation skills to adolescent girls in economically vulnerable
communities in Lusaka, Zambia ten years later. Treated participants complete 0.23 more
years of education. Consistent with greater relational empowerment, they also begin sexual
activity later, have smaller age gaps with their husbands, and express less traditional gender
attitudes. Using a surrogate approach, social benefits and costs from increased education alone
suggest the intervention generated 7.6 dollars for every dollar spent and had a very high marginal
value of public funds of 10.5.
