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  3. Journal of Economic Literature
  4. March 2004
  5. Trade, Growth, and the Environment

Trade, Growth, and the Environment

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Abstract

This essay reviews what we currently know about the environmental consequences of economic growth and international trade. Using a unified framework, we critically review both theory and empirical evidence on issues such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the pollution haven hypothesis, and the effects of environmental policy differences on trade and investment flows. We consider how this evidence can help us evaluate ongoing policy debates, and we discuss directions for further research.

Citation

Copeland, Brian, R., and M. Scott Taylor. 2004. "Trade, Growth, and the Environment." Journal of Economic Literature, 42 (1): 7-71. DOI: 10.1257/002205104773558047

JEL Classification

  • F13 Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
  • F18 Trade and Environment
  • O47 Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
  • Q56 Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth