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The Unintended Consequences of Academic Leniency

By A. Brooks Bowden, Viviana Rodriguez, and Zach Weingarten

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

Education is widely recognized as the primary driver of human capital accumulation. However, policies designed to promote educational attainment often overlook students' endogenous responses. This paper provides empirical evidence of the causal impact of ...

Childhood Health Shocks and the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality

By Tine M. Eriksen, Amanda P. Gaulke, Niels Skipper, Jannet Svensson, and Peter R. Thingholm

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

This paper documents a socioeconomic gradient in adult labor market penalties stemming from a single chronic and treatable childhood health shock in a country with universal access to health care. Using childhood onset type 1 diabetes, Danish administrati...

The Effect of Deactivating Facebook and Instagram on Users' Emotional State

By Hunt Allcott, Matthew Gentzkow, Benjamin Wittenbrink, Winter Mason, Arjun Wilkins, Natalie Jomini Stroud, Joshua A. Tucker, and US 2020 Facebook and Instagram Election Study Collective

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

We estimate the effect of social media deactivation on users' emotional state in two large randomized experiments before the 2020 US election. People who deactivated Facebook for the six weeks before the election reported a 0.060 standard deviation improv...

Identifying Tax Compliance from Variation in Tax Policy: Theory and Empirics

By Andrew Bibler, Laura Grigolon, Keith F. Teltser, and Mark J. Tremblay

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

Governments increasingly use changes in tax rules to combat evasion. We develop a general approach to point-identify tax compliance along with supply and demand elasticities. Identification requires data on prices and quantities, variation in tax policy, ...

Can You Erase the Mark of a Criminal Record? Labor Market Impacts of Criminal Record Remediation

By Amanda Agan, Andrew Garin, Dmitri Koustas, Alexandre Mas, and Crystal S. Yang

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

We investigate whether removing a previously obtained criminal record improves employment outcomes. We estimate the causal impact of criminal record remediation laws that have been widely enacted with the goal of improving employment opportunities for mil...

How Effective Are R&D Tax Incentives? Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence

By Silvia Appelt, Matěj Bajgar, Chiara Criscuolo, and Fernando Galindo-Rueda

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

Recent firm-level studies find R&D tax incentives to be much more effective at stimulating firms' R&D investment than aggregate analyses suggest. Based on a distributed analysis of official R&D survey and administrative tax relief microdata for 19 OEC...

The Pass-Through of Retail Crime

By Carl Hase and Johannes Kasinger

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

This paper shows retailers increase prices in response to organized retail crime. We match store-level crime data to scanner data from the universe of transactions for cannabis retailers in Washington state. Using quasi-experimental variation from robberi...

Trade Protection along Supply Chains

By Chad P. Bown, Paola Conconi, Aksel Erbahar, and Lorenzo Trimarchi

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

We study the effects of trade protection along supply chains. We focus on temporary trade barriers against China, which has been the main target of US trade protection during the last decades. To deal with endogeneity concerns, we use an instrumental vari...

Polluted IPOs

By Meng Miao, Wei Wang, and Zhengyu Zuo

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

Chinese companies must undergo a review by a regulator-appointed committee before proceeding with initial public offerings (IPOs). We find that firms—particularly, politically unconnected ones—are more likely to pass this review on polluted days (i.e....

On-Demand Assistance: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia

By Rema Hanna ⓡ Benjamin A. Olken ⓡ Sudarno Sumarto ⓡ Achmad Maulana ⓡ Vivi Alatas ⓡ Elan Satriawan

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2026

Given labor informality in developing countries, addressing employment shocks is challenging. We study Indonesia's new approach for on-demand online applications for temporary cash assistance and online job training. Through 20 lotteries over two years, 1...