AI and Women's Employment in Europe

By Stefania Albanesi, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo, and Alena Wabitsch

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We examine the link between the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies and changes in the female employment share in 16 European countries over the period 2011–2019. Using data for occupations at the three-digit level, we find th...

Extending "GPTs Are GPTs" to Firms

By Benjamin Labaschin, Tyna Eloundou, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, and Daniel Rock

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We extend Eloundou et al. (2024) to build firm-level measures of exposure to large language models (LLMs) with data from two sources: Eloundou et al. (2024) for occupation-level measures of LLM exposure and Revelio Labs for firm-level employee counts by o...

A Gender Lens on Labor Market Exposure to AI

By Mauro Cazzaniga, Augustus Panton, Longji Li, Carlo Pizzinelli, and Marina M. Tavares

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The rise of AI may profoundly impact labor markets, as AI tools could perform numerous cognitive tasks traditionally in the human domain. This paper examines the gendered effects of AI adoption across six economies of varying income levels. In most countr...

How Different Uses of AI Shape Labor Demand: Evidence from France

By Philippe Aghion, Simon Bunel, Xavier Jaravel, Thomas Mikaelsen, Alexandra Roulet, and Jakob Søgaard

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Using French firm-level data on AI adoption from 2017–2020, we find that, first, firms adopting AI are larger and more productive and skill intensive. Second, difference-in-difference estimates reveal an increase in firm-level employment and sales after...

Economic Measurement Lost in a Random Forest? A Case Study of Employment Data

By Abe Dunn, Eric English, Kyle Hood, Lowell Mason, and Brian Quistorff

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Big data and machine learning (ML) offer transformative potential for economic measurement. This study evaluates the use of alternative employment data from a payroll processor to improve on timely measures of regional employment estimates, comparing ML m...

From Online Job Postings to Economic Insights: A Machine Learning Approach to Structuring Naturally Occurring Data

By Tatjana Dahlhaus, Reinhard Ellwanger, Gabriela Galassi, and Pierre-Yves Yanni

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

This paper develops a matched vacancy-company dataset by combining daily Canadian online job postings with smartphone-derived visits to points of interest. To address inconsistencies in company names, we enhance natural language processing algorithms for ...

Nowcasting Distributional National Accounts for the United States: A Machine Learning Approach

By Gary Cornwall and Marina Gindelsky

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Inequality statistics are usually calculated from high-quality microdata, typically available with a one-to-two-year lag. In turbulent times, policymakers and data users need timely estimates. We use an elastic net to nowcast the overall Gini coefficient ...

The Effect of Emergency Financial Assistance on Mobility, SNAP Receipt, and Presence of Dependents

By Daniel Hungerman, David C. Phillips, Kevin Rinz, James X. Sullivan, and David N. Wasser

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

This paper studies emergency financial assistance for people at risk of homelessness using federal tax and census data. We use an established quasi-experimental research design to examine how assistance affects address histories, number of children, and r...

Unhoused and Mismeasured: The Accuracy of Surveys of Those Experiencing Homelessness

By Bruce D. Meyer, Angela Wyse, Gillian Meyer, Alexa Grunwaldt, and Derek Wu

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We examine the accuracy of self-reported information from homeless shelter residents in the American Community Survey by comparing survey responses to administrative records. While basic demographic information (age, gender, and citizenship) is reported w...

Universal Access to Counsel, Housing Court Filings, and Child Mental Health: Evidence from New York City

By Mike Cassidy, Janet Currie, Sherry Glied, and Renata E. Howland

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We link data from Medicaid to housing court records to study the relationship between housing instability and children's mental health. Of Medicaid children aged 4–17 in New York City, 14 percent faced housing court from 2016–2019. Using rollout of un...

Losing Sleep at the Market: The Daylight Saving Anomaly: Reply

By Mark J. Kamstra, Lisa A. Kramer, and Maurice D. Levi

American Economic Review, September 2002

Labor Market Attachment and Perceived Barriers to Work among Homeless Families

By Nour Abdul-Razzak, John Eric Humphries, Stephen Stapleton, and Winnie van Dijk

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We study labor market attachment among homeless families using baseline survey data from a large-scale study in Illinois. Of homeless parents, 40 percent worked in the past month. Among those not working, most report wanting and actively searching for a j...

Head Start Access: No Evidence of Changes to Lifetime Fertility

By Esra Kose, Siobhan O'Keefe, and Maria Rosales-Rueda

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

This study investigates the effect of early childhood access to the Head Start program on long-term fertility outcomes. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, we exploit the staggered rollout of Head Start from 1966 to 1980 across US counties for w...

Explaining Variation in Child SSI Receipt: The Role of Medical CDRs

By Jeffrey Hemmeter, Michael Levere, and David Wittenburg

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The administrative processes that govern the delivery of social safety net benefits have important implications for beneficiaries. We use variation in the occurrence of medical continuing disability reviews (CDRs) to explain trends of children receiving S...

What Is the Value of the Child and Dependent Care Credit?

By Gabrielle Pepin

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC) subsidizes child care costs for working families. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 increased the CDCC's generosity during 2021 only. I find that while the CDCC is of rela...

Does Old-Age Social Security Help Children? The Impact of Social Security on Grandchild Resources

By Lucie Schmidt, Lara Shore-Sheppard, and Tara Watson

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Though Social Security is typically considered a program to support retirees, nearly one in ten children live in a home reporting Social Security income, twice as many as traditional cash welfare. We use the sharp increase in eligibility for Social Securi...

Cross-Gender Social Ties around the World

By Michael Bailey, Drew Johnston, Theresa Kuchler, Ayush Kumar, and Johannes Stroebel

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We introduce, describe, and analyze subnational data on cross-gender friendships for nearly 200 countries and territories, using data from 1.38 trillion ties between 1.8 billion Facebook users. Homophily by gender exists nearly everywhere, with individual...

Workplace Segregation between College and Noncollege Workers

By Francis Dillon, Edward L. Glaeser, and William Kerr

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We measure the level and growth of educational segregation in US workplaces from 2000 to 2020. US workplaces showed an educational segregation, measured by the degree to which the establishment has mostly workers of similar education levels, that is compa...

ESG Is the Most Polarizing Nonwage Amenity: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Brazil

By Emanuele Colonnelli, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter, and Olivia Xiong

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We examine job seekers' heterogeneous preferences for nonwage amenities, with a focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, using an incentivized field experiment in Brazil. Our findings reveal that ESG is the most polarizing nonwage a...

HANK: A New Core of Usable Macroeconomics

By Adrien Auclert

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

I argue that heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) models are a natural contender to define a new core of usable macroeconomics, replacing the IS-LM/Mundell-Fleming paradigm prevailing after the 1960s and the New Keynesian paradigm prevailing after the...