Least Protected, Most Affected: Impacts of Migration Regularization Programs on Pandemic Resilience

By Maria José Urbina ⓡ Sandra V. Rozo ⓡ Andrés Moya ⓡ Ana María Ibáñez

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

How can regularization programs improve forced migrants' resilience to shocks? We leverage panel data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess whether Venezuelan forced migrants who were eligible for a regularization program in Colombia were more ...

Refugee Entrepreneurship: The Case of Venezuelans in Colombia

By Dany Bahar, Bo Cowgill, and Jorge Guzman

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

This paper analyzes the entire business registry of Colombia during 2015–2022, a period when Colombia received two million Venezuelan immigrants and refugees. We present two main findings. First, firms owned by foreigners, most of them Venezuelans, tend...

Addressing the Surge in Unaccompanied Migrant Children

By Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, José Bucheli, and Mary Lopez

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Unaccompanied migrant children (UMC) account for a growing share of apprehensions along the US-Mexico border. Contrary to past UMC flows, which were primarily comprised of older youth fleeing violence in Mexico, recent UMC flows include children of all ag...

The Self-Employment Effects of Secure Communities in the United States

By Raffi E. García and Alejandro Gutiérrez-Li

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Illegal immigration has increased substantially in recent years. In this paper, we analyze how Secure Communities (SC), a major internal immigration enforcement program, affected self-employment participation and income in the United States between 2008 a...

Anticipatory Migration Responses to Rural Climate Shocks

By Esteban J. Quiñones, Jenna Nobles, Fernando Riosmena, and Raphael Nawrotzki

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Despite increased incidence and severity of climate shocks associated with climate change, observed levels of adaptation remain low. To assess if individuals adapt to the heat-induced crop losses of neighboring households in rural, agriculturally reliant ...

Do Health Disparities Narrow with Pollution Disparities? Trends from California

By Danae Hernandez-Cortes and Kyle C. Meng

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Pollution concentrations (PM2.5) in the United States have fallen in recent decades. Despite these improvements, disparities in concentrations between racial/ethnic groups persist. We combine administrative data on the universe of emergency roo...

Do Tax Increases Tame Inflation?

By James Cloyne, Joseba Martinez, Haroon Mumtaz, and Paolo Surico

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

The answer is "yes" for personal income taxes but "no" for corporate income taxes. Using narrative-identified US federal tax changes post-World War II and disaggregated sectoral data on consumer and producer prices, we show that higher average personal in...

Do Government Spending Multipliers Depend on the Sign of the Shock?

By Nadav Ben Zeev, Valerie A. Ramey, and Sarah Zubairy

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

We analyze whether government spending multipliers differ by the sign of the shock. Using aggregate historical US data, we apply Ben Zeev's (2020) nonlinear diagnostic tests and find evidence of nonlinearities in the impulse response functions of both gov...

Fiscal Stimulus and the Systematic Response of Monetary Policy

By Christian K. Wolf

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Economic theory suggests that the effects of fiscal stimulus can vary substantially with the systematic response of monetary policy. Empirical estimates of the causal effects of fiscal shocks implicitly embed a particular monetary reaction: they provide t...

Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance

By Alberto Alesina and Eliana La Ferrara

Journal of Economic Literature, September 2005

We survey and assess the literature on the positive and negative effects of ethnic diversity on economic policies and outcomes. Our focus is on communities of different size and organizational structure, such as countries, cities in developed countries, a...

The Importance of Fed Chair Speeches as a Monetary Policy Tool

By Eric T. Swanson

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

I estimate the effects of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements, post-FOMC press conferences, and speeches and Congressional testimony by the Fed chair on stock prices, Treasury yields, and interest rate futures from 1988 to 2019. I show that...

The Short-Term Labor Supply Response to the Expanded Child Tax Credit

By Brandon Enriquez, Damon Jones, and Ernie Tedeschi

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

We estimate the extensive and intensive margin labor supply response to the monthly Child Tax Credit disbursed in 2021 as a part of the American Rescue Plan Act. Using Current Population Survey microdata, we compare labor supply outcomes among households ...

The Effects of the Monthly and Lump-Sum Child Tax Credit Payments on Food and Housing Hardship

By Zachary Parolin, Elizabeth Ananat, Sophie Collyer, Megan Curran, and Christopher Wimer

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

We investigate the effects of the expanded 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) on material hardship among households with children over April 2021–May 2022, using the Census Household Pulse Survey and difference-in-difference analyses of household types with di...

The 2021 Child Tax Credit: Who Received It and How Did They Spend It?

By Katherine Michelmore and Natasha V. Pilkauskas

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

In March of 2021, Congress passed a one-year expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC), creating a temporary, near-universal child benefit. Despite expanding eligibility to millions of previously ineligible children living in low-income households, only two...

The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Health Care Services

By Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, and Kyla Denwood

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic increased the rate of mental health disorders, as well as demand for mental health services. It remains unclear, however, the extent to which it impacted access to mental health care. Using data from an audit field experiment, which ...

(Incorrect) Perceived Returns and Strategic Behavior among Talented Low-Income College Graduates

By Jorge M. Agüero, Francisco Galarza, and Gustavo Yamada

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Job applicants use resumes to send signals to potential employers. Applicants are free to select the items that go in their resumes and are expected to include signals they perceive will help them achieve their goals and avoid those that they anticipate c...

Males Should Mail? Gender Discrimination in Access to Childcare

By Henning Hermes, Philipp Lergetporer, Fabian Mierisch, Frauke Peter, and Simon Wiederhold

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

This study investigates discrimination against women when searching and applying for childcare in a nationwide field experiment. We send emails from fictitious parents to 9,313 childcare centers in Germany inquiring about access to childcare. We randomize...

Do Financial Incentives Encourage Women to Apply for a Tech Job? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment

By Jan Feld, Edwin Ip, Andreas Leibbrandt, and Joseph Vecci

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

We conduct a natural field experiment to test whether offering financial incentives encourages more female job seekers to complete their applications for a tech job. All eligible applicants for the job were invited to perform an online skill assessment. W...

Perceptions of Gender Diversity in Occupations

By Jeffrey Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Olga Shurchkov, Olga Stoddard, and Alva Taylor

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

We design a survey experiment to investigate the effect of intervention with diversity on preferences for diverse outcomes. First, subjects report their perceptions of the archetypical occupations boss, professor, nurse, and clerk, rating boss/professor a...

Applicants to Historically Black Colleges and Universities

By Ashley Edwards, Justin Ortagus, Jonathan Smith, and Andria Smythe

AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 2023

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) play an important role in the postsecondary education of Black students in the United States. Using data on where 1.2 million Black SAT takers send their SAT scores, we examine which students consider a...