AEA Papers and Proceedings
ISSN 2574-0768 (Print) | ISSN 2574-0776 (Online)
Measuring the Ins and Outs of Remote Work: New Evidence from the Gallup Workplace Panel
AEA Papers and Proceedings
(pp. 228–235)
Abstract
Using the Gallup Workplace Panel, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of full-time US workers from 2019 to 2025, this paper measures gross flows across on-site, hybrid, and fully remote work arrangements. Estimated transition matrices show high persistence in all modes, with hybrid work comparatively more transitory and remote work not absorbing. Decomposing transitions by job changes versus job staying indicates that re-sorting across employers amplifies movement across arrangements, while within-employer adjustments remain substantial. These moments provide calibration targets for amenity-based search-and-matching models.Citation
Makridis, Christos A. 2026. "Measuring the Ins and Outs of Remote Work: New Evidence from the Gallup Workplace Panel." AEA Papers and Proceedings 116: 228–235. DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20261013Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
- J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J41 Labor Contracts
- J62 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
- J64 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- M54 Personnel Economics: Labor Management