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Behavioral Finance: Risk, Beliefs, and Factor Models

Paper Session

Friday, Jan. 7, 2022 12:15 PM - 2:15 PM (EST)

Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Chair: Stephan Siegel, University of Washington

Who Owns What? A Factor Model for Direct Stockholding

Vimal Balasubramaniam
,
Queen Mary University of London
John Campbell
,
Harvard University
Tarun Ramadorai
,
Imperial College London
Benjamin Ranish
,
Federal Reserve Board

Abstract

We build a cross-sectional factor model for investors' direct stockholdings, by analogy with standard time-series factor models for stock returns. We estimate the model using data from almost 10 million retail accounts in the Indian stock market. We find that stock characteristics such as firm age and share price have strong investor clienteles associated with them. Similarly, account attributes such as account age, account size, and extreme underdiversification (holding a single stock) are associated with particular characteristic preferences. Coheld stocks tend to have higher return covariance, suggestive of the importance of clientele effects in the stock market.

Psychological Distance and Deviations from Rational Expectations

Harjoat Bhamra
,
Imperial College London
Raman Uppal
,
EDHEC Business School
Johan Walden
,
University of California-Berkeley

Abstract

Empirical evidence shows that households' beliefs deviate from rational expectations. Combining concepts from psychology and robust control, we develop a model where the deviations of beliefs about stock returns from rational expectations are an endogenous outcome of household-firm psychological distance, which encompasses temporal, spatial, and social distance. To make the model testable, we establish the relation between unobservable beliefs and observable portfolio choices. We use portfolio holdings for 405,628 Finnish households and 125 firms to show household-firm spatial distance has a significant distortionary effect on beliefs and welfare, which leads to substantial inequality across households.

Risk, Return, and Sentiment in a Virtual Asset Market

Maurizio Montone
,
Utrecht University
Remco Zwinkels
,
VU Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute

Abstract

The joint-hypothesis problem casts doubt on the results of market efficiency research. Specically, it is hard to assess to what extent financial markets reflect economic fundamentals or mispricing. To address this issue, we study price formation in a large virtual asset market where fundamentals are predetermined and publicly known. We find that a number of well-established determinants of returns from the real world also affect asset prices in this market, despite the absence of systematic risk. The results suggest that prices in real financial markets include a substantial behavioral component, which is likely underestimated in canonical asset pricing tests.

Investor Sentiment and the Pricing of Characteristics-Based Factors

Zhuo Chen
,
Tsinghua University
Bibo Liu
,
Tsinghua University
Huijun Wang
,
Auburn University
Zhengwei Wang
,
Tsinghua University
Jianfeng Yu
,
Tsinghua University

Abstract

Using portfolios that are formed by directly sorting stocks based on their exposure to characteristics-based factors, earlier studies find that these beta-sorted portfolios have very large ex post factor beta spreads. However, the return spreads between high- and low-beta firms are typically tiny and insignificant. This study examines the time variation in the pricing of a large set of characteristics-based factors. Our evidence shows a striking two-regime pattern for most of the factor-beta-sorted portfolios: high-beta portfolios earn significantly higher returns than low-beta portfolios following high-sentiment periods, whereas the exact opposite occurs following low-sentiment periods. Remarkably, this two-regime pattern is completely reversed when macro-related factors, such as consumption growth and TFP growth, are used. The evidence based on mutual fund and hedge fund returns also confirms this two-regime pattern. Our findings suggest that the exposure to most of these characteristics-based factors is likely to be a proxy for the level of mispricing, rather than risk, especially during high-sentiment periods.

Discussant(s)
Ralph S.J. Koijen
,
University of Chicago
Zwetelina Iliewa
,
University of Bonn
Zhi Da
,
University of Notre Dame
Andrew Detzel
,
University of Denver
JEL Classifications
  • G2 - Financial Institutions and Services