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Derivatives and Commodities

Paper Session

Sunday, Jan. 5, 2025 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM (PST)

San Francisco Marriott Marquis, Yerba Buena Salon 10 & 11
Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Xiaohui Gao, Temple University

A New Closed-Form Discrete-Time Option Pricing Model with Stochastic Volatility

Steven Heston
,
University of Maryland
Kris Jacobs
,
University of Houston
Hyung Joo Kim
,
Federal Reserve Board

Abstract

In the option pricing literature, closed-form pricing formulas offer many advantages, but very few solutions are available. Among models that can incorporate the critically important stylized fact of stochastic volatility, many are related to the square root model of Heston (1993). Heston and Nandi (2000) offer a discrete-time alternative, but this is a GARCH-type model which does not feature stochastic volatility. We propose a new closed-form discrete-time option pricing model with stochastic volatility. The model is straightforward to implement. We estimate it using (jointly) a long historical time series of index returns and large option panels with various moneyness and maturities. The model vastly outperforms the existing discrete-time Heston-Nandi benchmark and slightly improves on the continuous-time benchmark. The model-implied pricing kernel and risk premiums are very plausible. The newly proposed pricing formula can be used to implement various extensions of the model.

Forecasting Option Returns with News

Jie Cao
,
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Bing Han
,
University of Toronto
Gang Li
,
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Ruijing Yang
,
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Xintong (Eunice) Zhan
,
Fudan University

Abstract

This paper examines the information content of news media for the cross-section of expected equity option returns. Applying various machine learning methods, we derive text-based signals from news articles on publicly traded companies that strongly forecast their delta-hedged option returns. The option return predictability is robust to variations in methodology and remains significant after controlling for existing predictors. We propose a text-based method to understand the underlying sources of our textual predictors. We find that the predictive power of the textual predictors stems from a composite effect, with future implied volatility changes being the most decisive, alongside significant contributions of various other option return determinants. Our study highlights the importance of analyzing text data using machine learning approaches to forecast option returns.

Decentralized and Centralized Options Trading: A Risk Premia Perspective

Lorenzo Schoenleber
,
Collegio Carlo Alberto
Andrea Andolfatto
,
Bocconi University
Siddharth Naik
,
Independent Researcher

Abstract

On-Chain options refer to option contracts, traded directly on a decentralized exchange on a blockchain. We report a novel set of stylized facts about the functioning of this so-called automated market making for options trading. We document the extent to which the On-Chain options differ from their Off-Chain counterparts traded on centralized exchanges. In particular, we find that On-Chain options exhibit larger implied volatilities than Off-Chain options, attributing it to the complex On-Chain fee structure, trading volume, and net demand pressure. We propose a theory explaining the difference in implied volatilities and empirically verify key model implications.

Relative Basis and the Expected Returns of Commodity Futures

Ming Gu
,
Xiamen University
Wenjin Kang
,
University of Macau
Dong Lou
,
London School of Economics and Political Science
Ke Tang
,
Tsinghua University

Abstract

We propose a novel measure, dubbed “relative basis,” to better capture the commodity convenience yield. Our measure is the difference between the traditional near-term basis and a similarly defined distant basis. This simple differencing purges out persistent commodity characteristics in traditional basis, such as storage and financing costs. Relative basis is closely tied to changes in physical inventories and dominates traditional basis in forecasting commodity futures returns. In contrast, relative basis does not forecast the returns of financial futures, which are not subject to inventory constraints. Our results provide new insights into the well-known relation between basis and expected futures returns.

Discussant(s)
Bjorn Eraker
,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Christopher Jones
,
University of Southern California
Hui Chen
,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
William Diamond
,
University of Pennsylvania
JEL Classifications
  • G1 - General Financial Markets