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New Perspectives on Banking and Credit

Paper Session

Monday, Jan. 5, 2026 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM (EST)

Loews Philadelphia Hotel
Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Daniel Carvalho, Indiana University

The Long and Short of Financial Development

Douglas Diamond
,
University of Chicago
Yunzhi Hu
,
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
Raghuram Rajan
,
University of Chicago

Abstract

Abstract By improving the pledgeability of returns to financiers, financial development enhances a producer's ability to raise capital to fund long term complex investments. Consequently, it should increase output and welfare. However, a general equilibrium analysis suggests this is not always so. We consider an economy where producers and consuming/financing households are distinct agents, where producers lack sufficient capital, and where households care about both pledgeable returns and liquidity. In this economy, the greater pledgeability of long-term project earnings can reduce long term production and overall welfare, even though it makes financing more accessible. Our results have implications for why economies face impediments to financial development and overall growth, especially when producer capital is scarce.

The Dynamics of Deposit Flightiness and its Impact on Financial Stability

Kristian Blickle
,
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Jian Li
,
Columbia University
Xu Lu
,
University of Washington
Yiming Ma
,
Columbia University

Abstract

We find that the flightiness of depositors displays pronounced fluctuations over time, reaching unprecedentedly high levels after the Covid-19 crisis. Elevated deposit flightiness coincides with expansions in central bank reserves and low interest rate environments. We rationalize these trends based on heterogeneity in investors’ convenience value for deposits. In our model, investors in the banking system value the convenience benefits of deposits more than those that choose to invest in non-banks. Following deposit inflows from outside investors, e.g., due to QE’s reserve expansions, the marginal depositor in the banking system becomes more rate-sensitive and the risk of panic runs increases. Our findings imply that the risk of panic runs triggered by policy rate hikes is amplified when the Fed’s balance sheet size is larger, highlighting a novel linkage between conventional and unconventional monetary policy.

Fragile Financing? How Corporate Reliance on Shadow Banking Affects their Access to Bank Liquidity

Viral Acharya
,
New York University
Manasa Gopal
,
Georgia Institute of Technology
Sascha Steffen
,
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management

Abstract

Greater reliance on nonbank financing makes firms fragile as it leads banks to limit their access to credit lines. Besides demonstrating this result in panel tests subject to range of controls and robustness checks, we employ the 2014–16 oil-price collapse as an exogenous rollover risk in nonbank financing of non-oil-sector firms by collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) exposed to the oil sector. Nonbank-reliant firms with looming maturities or higher credit risk face reductions and wider spreads in bank credit lines after the shock, resulting in weaker financial and real performance in spite of their drawdowns of existing credit lines.

Security Losses, Interbank Markets, and Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence from the Eurozone

Mariassunta Giannetti
,
Stockholm School of Economics
Martina Jasova
,
Columbia University
Caterina Mendicino
,
European Central Bank
Dominik Supera
,
Columbia University

Abstract

Banks that experienced larger losses in their pledgeable securities portfolios following the July 2022 monetary policy tightening became less able to borrow through the interbank market and subsequently reduced their corporate lending, regardless of whether the securities were booked at market or historical value. These effects were less pronounced for banks with abundant collateral and for domestic subsidiaries of banking groups, which received liquidity through their group's internal capital market. Our results highlight a collateral channel in the bank-based transmission of monetary policy and show how differences in banking structure can contribute to an uneven transmission of monetary policy.

Discussant(s)
Adriano Rampini
,
Duke University
Itay Goldstein
,
University of Pennsylvania
Olivier Darmouni
,
Columbia University
Matteo Crosignani
,
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
JEL Classifications
  • G2 - Financial Institutions and Services