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Culture

Paper Session

Saturday, Jan. 6, 2024 8:00 AM - 10:00 AM (CST)

Grand Hyatt, Independence
Hosted By: Economic History Association
  • Chair: Rowena Gray, University of California-Merced

British Industrialization and Cultural Change: Evidence from the Use of Proverbs

Elliott Ash
,
ETH Zurich
Melanie Meng Xue
,
London School of Economics

Abstract

Our research aims to examine the role of culture in the British Industrial Revolution by quantifying cultural values and exploring the interplay between culture and industrialization.

Previous studies have highlighted the significance of cultural traits in predicting economic outcomes, but there is a gap in understanding the specific cultural factors that influenced the onset and progression of the Industrial Revolution. We fill this gap using a collection of over 25,000 proverbs from pre-industrial and industrial Britain and their usage in books and newspapers.

We generate AI-generated explanations for the proverbs, considering their moral and behavioral implications. We also cluster the proverbs into topics using AI tools, enabling us to identify patterns and similarities. We will refine and validate these clusters through human evaluation and comparison with expert judgments.

In analyzing British industrialization and cultural change, we begin by exploring the preconditions for industrialization. Specifically, we examine the prevalence of specific cultural traits and determine whether they predict subsequent economic development.

The second part of the analysis aims to track changing cultural values during the Industrial Revolution. By studying changes in proverb usage and distribution in local newspapers, we aim to understand shifting attitudes towards time, labor, money, and social hierarchy. Preliminary results suggest that the increase in manufacturing employment was associated with a rise in proverbs promoting patience and conflict resolution.

Religion and Conflict: Evidence from China, 1860-1911

Yujing Huang
,
UCLA Anderson School of Management
Chicheng Ma
,
University of Hong Kong
Felipe Valencia Caicedo
,
University of British Columbia, IZA and CEPR

Abstract

This project examines the economic origins and impacts of religious conflicts in the context of late Qing China (1860–1911). While the literature has attributed the anti-missionary violence to the cultural clash between Confucianism and Christianity, we show that the missionaries’ economic contributions to China through the treaty ports and public goods provision, rather than the strength of Confucianism, significantly attenuated Chinese anti-missionary movements. We then assess the impacts of the anti-missionary episode on China’s economic development. We find the conflicts discouraged Western merchants from investing in China, evidenced by fewer modern industrial firms and banks. This negative effect also spilled over Chinese domestic modern growth till 1930. The consequences persisted to the present time with conservatism towards international trade, and consequently, fewer foreign investments in regions with more historical conflicts.

Prisons and Homophobia

Michael Poyker
,
University of Nottingham
Maxim Ananyev
,
University of Melbourne

Abstract

We investigate whether prisons contribute to homophobia in the general population given that inmates informal code often ascribes low status to persons perceived as passive homosexuals. To explore the transmission of anti-gay sentiments to the population, we use an exogenous shock of the Soviet amnesty of 1953, which released 1.2 million prisoners. We find that the municipalities in Russia more exposed to the influx of released individuals have more anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes, homophobic slurs on social media, and discriminatory attitudes in representative surveys. We offer suggestive evidence for the mechanisms by showing that (i) in the aftermath of the amnesty more exposed locations had a larger increase in the number of thieves-in-law, career criminals upholding the inmate code, and (ii) descendants of Gulag prisoners have higher levels of anti-gay attitudes. We augment our results by demonstrating, using contemporary longitudinal data, that prison experience prompts a higher level of anti-gay sentiments among males and their families, even though no discernible difference exists before incarceration. Our results demonstrate a previously under-emphasized cost of mass incarceration: a higher level of homophobia.

Discussant(s)
Brian Beach
,
Vanderbilt University
Jared Rubin
,
Chapman University
Donn Feir
,
University of Victoria
JEL Classifications
  • N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
  • N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy