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Special Topics: Finance and Race

Paper Session

Saturday, Jan. 6, 2024 2:30 PM - 4:30 PM (CST)

Marriott Rivercenter, Grand Ballroom Salon K, & L
Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Chair: Rohan Williamson, Georgetown University

Explaining Racial Disparities in Personal Bankruptcy Outcomes

Bronson Argyle
,
Brigham Young University
Sasha Indarte
,
University of Pennsylvania
Benjamin Iverson
,
Brigham Young University
Christopher Palmer
,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Abstract

We document substantial racial disparities in consumer bankruptcy outcomes and investigate the role of racial bias in contributing to these disparities. Using data on the near universe of US bankruptcy cases and deep-learning imputed measures of race, we show that Black filers are 21 and 3 percentage points (pp) more likely to have their bankruptcy cases dismissed without any debt relief in Chapters 13 and 7, respectively. We uncover strong evidence of racial homophily in Chapter 13: Black filers are 10 pp more likely to be dismissed when randomly assigned to a white bankruptcy trustee. To interpret our findings, we develop a general decision model and new identification results relating homophily to bias. Using this framework and our homophily estimate, we conclude that at least 40% of the 21 pp dismissal gap is due to either taste-based or inaccurate statistical racial discrimination.

Racial Integration and Active Investing

Victor chen
,
University of Manitoba
Gady Jacoby
,
University of Manitoba
Hao Jiang
,
Michigan State University
Chi Liao
,
University of Manitoba
Lei Lu
,
University of Manitoba

Abstract

This paper studies how racial residential integration (RRI) influences information diffusion in the stock market. We find that firms headquartered in states with high RRI tend to have lower information asymmetry, as reflected in lower analyst earnings forecast dispersion and a narrower adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread. Their stock prices tend to be more informative, comoving more strongly with fundamentals. We also find that active mutual fund managers exhibit stronger abilities to pick local stocks in states with lower RRI, which points to a neglected channel through which active investing improves firms’ information environment.

Who Do You Vote For? Same-Race Voting Preferences in Director Elections

Johan Sulaeman
,
National University of Singapore
Qiaozhi Ye
,
National University of Singapore

Abstract

This paper examines racial preferences of shareholders in the context of corporate director elections. We document a higher propensity of mutual fund managers to vote for director nominees who match their racial or ethnic identity. This same-race preferential voting pattern is more prevalent in elections involving nominees receiving negative recommendations from the dominant proxy advisor ISS. We investigate various potential channels —statistical discrimination, value maximization, conflicts of interest, social networks, and taste-based biases— using high-dimensional fixed effect models along with heterogeneity tests. Additional evidence indicates that same-race preferential voting has important consequences for director candidates' election and career outcomes.

Racial Segmentation in the U.S. Housing Market

Brian Higgins
,
Stanford University

Abstract

This paper studies racial segmentation in the US housing market since 1960. I document large differences in housing outcomes for Black and White households. In 1960, Black households on average are 20 percentage points less likely to own a house (relative to White households with the same income); if they owned, their house values are lower by the equivalent of almost one year of annual income; and even when renting they spend less by the equivalent of one month of rental expenditures. By 2019, the rent and price gaps have declined by about half, whereas the gap in ownership rates has not changed. To interpret these facts, I use a dynamic housing assignment model with a choice to buy or rent housing. I estimate the degree of market segmentation by inferring differences in the quality of housing available to Black and White households, and the resulting differences in rents, prices, and the cost of owning a home. The model infers that Black households pay higher quality-adjusted rents and prices, especially at higher qualities, and thus sort into lower quality homes. In terms of lifetime consumption-equivalent welfare, relative to an integrated market, the average Black household is five percent worse off in 1960 and remains one percent worse off in 2019.

Discussant(s)
Erik Mayer
,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Leonard Kostovetsky
,
CUNY-Baruch College
Laura Field
,
University of Delaware
Troup Howard
,
University of Utah
JEL Classifications
  • G0 - General