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Mergers and Venture Financing

Paper Session

Saturday, Jan. 8, 2022 12:15 PM - 2:15 PM (EST)

Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Chair: Miguel Ferreira, Nova School of Business and Economics

Brokers and Finders in Startup Offerings

Emmanuel Yimfor
,
University of Michigan

Abstract

I study broker intermediation in entrepreneurial financing. Brokers intermediate 15% of startup offerings, but 20% of these brokers are unregistered ``finders.' Issuers using finders are 30% and 20% less likely to have successful post-funding outcomes than issuers in registered-broker and direct offerings. These outcome gaps are larger when state-level regulatory oversight, which only applies to registered brokers, is stronger and when finders are expelled brokers. These findings are consistent with adverse selection in finder-intermediated offerings. I also show that finder-intermediated offerings more often place with retail (non-accredited) investors and rarely involve VC participation, also amplifying the gap in post-funding performance.

The Virtuous Cycle of Innovation and Capital Flows

Naomi Hausman
,
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Daniel Fehder
,
University of Southern California
Yael Hochberg
,
Rice University

Abstract

Does local innovation attract venture capital? Using a regime change in the commercialization of university innovation in 1980 that strongly increased university incentives to patent and license discoveries, we document the complement to Kortum and Lerner (2000)’s finding that financing leads to future innovation. Because universities have different technological strengths, each local area surrounding a university experienced an increase in innovation relevant to particular sets of industries after 1980—industries which differ widely across university counties. Comparing industries within a county that were more versus less related to the local university’s innovative strengths, we show that venture capital dollars after 1980 flowed systematically towards geographic areas and industries with the greatest sudden influx of innovation from universities. In contrast, the geographic and industry distribution of corporate patenting and prior venture financing in the pre-period does not predict a differential increase in future venture financing, suggesting that our findings are not solely driven by the 1979 pension fund reform that increased financing available to VCs across the board. The results support the notion of a “virtuous cycle” wherein innovation serves to draw capital investment that then funds future innovation.

Do Firms With Specialized M&A Staff Make Better Acquisitions?

Rene Stulz
,
Ohio State University
Sinan Gokkaya
,
Ohio University
Xi Liu
,
Miami University

Abstract

We open the black box of the M&A decision process by constructing a comprehensive sample of US firms with specialized M&A staff from 2000 to 2017 and investigate whether firms with such staff make better acquisitions. We find that specialized M&A staff is an economically important determinant of acquisition performance measured by stock price reactions to announcements, long-run stock returns, operating performance, divestitures, and analyst earnings forecasts. This effect is lower for firms with powerful or overconfident CEOs. We provide evidence on mechanisms through which specialized M&A staff improves acquisition performance. For identification, we use the staggered recognition of inevitable disclosure doctrine as a source of exogenous variation in the employment of specialized M&A staff.

Mergers under the Microscope: Analyzing Conference Call Transcripts

Sudipto Dasgupta
,
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Jarrad Harford
,
University of Washington
Fangyuan Ma
,
Peking University
Daisy Wang
,
Ohio State University
Haojun Xie
,
Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Many M&A deal announcements are accompanied with a conference call to discuss deal details and address market participants’ demand for information. We find that calls are associated with positive market reactions and a higher likelihood of deal completion. Using a topic modelling approach, we uncover 20 highly interpretable topics from the call transcripts. Market reactions are more positive when the call communicates more “hard” information as opposed to “soft” information, revealing different disclosure strategies depending on deal quality. Governance-related issues, although not significantly correlated with stock returns, are prominently discussed and related to the latent motivation for holding calls.

Discussant(s)
Sabrina Howell
,
New York University
Francisco Queiro
,
Nova School of Business and Economics
Karin Thorburn
,
Norwegian School of Economics
Serdar Dinc
,
Rutgers University
JEL Classifications
  • G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance