This website uses cookies.

By clicking the "Accept" button or continuing to browse our site, you agree to first-party and session-only cookies being stored on your device to enhance site navigation and analyze site performance and traffic. For more information on our use of cookies, please see our Privacy Policy.

  1. Home
  2. ASSA Annual Meeting
  3. 2022
  4. Preliminary Program
  5. LERA/IAFFE Joint Session: Diversity in the Labor Market
« Back to Results

LERA/IAFFE Joint Session: Diversity in the Labor Market

Paper Session

Saturday, Jan. 8, 2022 12:15 PM - 2:15 PM (EST)

Hosted By: Labor and Employment Relations Association & International Association for Feminist Economics
  • Chair: Takao Kato, Colgate University

Careers of Elite School Graduates: Evidence from a French Large Firm

Dominique Meurs
,
French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED)

Abstract

We study gender differences in careers for executives working in a very large industrial French firm. We asssess to what extent gender disparities depend on diploma with a specific focus on workers with an Elite School degree. We use a 13-year payroll panel dataset that contains information on diplomas at entry, job positions and wages. We consider career paths as a succession of detailed job positions and build transition matrices between job positions at the finest level of the firm's nomenclature. Each job position is assigned a wage level that corresponds to a job position fixed effect in a wage equation. We perform counterfactual exercises to assess the importance of entry positions, mobility and type of transitions on gender differences in careers and wages. We show that the best Elite school careers come from specific job transitions and more frequent job changes. There are selection effects coming from an exit rate that is higher than for other diplomas. There are gender differences in Elite school careers with females ending up in less-paid positions, but there are only small differences for other diplomas.

Gender and LGB Pay Gaps in the National Health Service.

Karen Mumford
,
University of York

Abstract

Studies of the relationship between sexual orientation and pay have faced difficulties applying standard models of discrimination if orientation is not observable. Analogously, behavioural explanations of pay based on models of gender linked within-household specialization may not be as relevant in a non-heterosexual context. This article explores pay gaps in the English National Health Service (NHS) using information including earnings, gender, LGB (lesbian, gay, bisexual) identity, coupling status, and the disclosure of sexual orientation. The results reveal a robust gender pay gap of 4% in favour of males, but no overall LGB pay gap compared to heterosexuals. The latter is due to similar-sized offsetting effects from disclosure on LGB pay relative to comparable heterosexuals. Considerable heterogeneity is established amongst these LGB employees, with disclosure associated with 13% more pay and three quarters of this gap related to unexplained differences in returns to observable characteristics. The finding that disclosure of sexual orientation is related to more favourable pay treatment for LGB employees is true for both male and female employees within the NHS.

Effects of Increased Immigration Enforcement on Citizens' Self-Employment

Karla Cordova
,
Pomona College

Abstract

The recent increase in interior immigration enforcement has reduced the number of low skilled workers in the U.S. In this paper I study how this decrease in labor supply affects citizens’ self-employment. I examine the impact of four immigration enforcement policies; each implemented with a staggered roll-out across the U.S. and different levels of adoption. I find that increased immigration enforcement had a negative effect on male and female citizens’ self-employment. This is evidence that undocumented immigrants have a level of complementarity to self-employed citizens. The reduction of citizens’ self-employment is concentrated among high school graduate natives. The lower levels of self-employment are not accompanied by an increase in the wage and salary sector, suggesting that there is no switching within sectors happening. The industries that are more affected are construction and wholesale self-employment. However, self-employment among Hispanic citizens’ had the opposite effect. To enable comparison with previous studies, I estimate the effects of the immigration enforcement programs on the employment of citizens. I find that E-Verify mandates have a negative effect not accounted for in previous studies.

Pension Rights, Employment, and the Gender Wealth Gap

Eva Sierminska
,
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research

Abstract

We examine the gender wealth gap with a focus on pension wealth and statutory pension rights and identify the extent to which the redistributive effect of pension rights reduces the gap. The empirical basis of this examination is the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), which is one of the few datasets where information on wealth as well as on pension entitlements is collected at the individual level. Pension wealth data is available for 2012 only. Individual level wealth
data allows to analyze the gender wealth gap not only between women and m, but even within couples. Thus, we can control for the intra-household division of
labor and their impact on net worth and pension wealth. Due to the longitudinal character of the underlying data, detailed information on employment trajectories and family related events (such as childbirth, marriage, divorce, widowhood, etc.), which can have an effect on (public) pension entitlements are considered

Discussant(s)
Melanie Jones
,
Cardiff University
José R. Bucheli
,
New Mexico State University
Francine D. Blau
,
Cornell University
JEL Classifications
  • J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs