American Economic Journal:
Economic Policy
ISSN 1945-7731 (Print) | ISSN 1945-774X (Online)
Can Small Incentives Have Large Effects? The Impact of Taxes versus Bonuses on Disposable Bag Use
American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
vol. 10,
no. 4, November 2018
(pp. 177–210)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
This paper examines a simple element of financial incentive design—whether the incentive takes the form of a fee for bad behavior or a reward for good behavior—to determine if the framing of the incentive influences the policy's effectiveness. I investigate the effect of two similar policies aimed at reducing disposable bag use and a five-cent tax on disposable bag use and a five-cent bonus for reusable bag use. While the tax decreased disposable bag use by over forty percentage points, the bonus generated virtually no effect on behavior. These results are consistent with a model of loss aversion.Citation
Homonoff, Tatiana A. 2018. "Can Small Incentives Have Large Effects? The Impact of Taxes versus Bonuses on Disposable Bag Use." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10 (4): 177–210. DOI: 10.1257/pol.20150261Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D12 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
- D91 Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
- H23 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies