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The causal effect of education on earnings

[PDF] from stanford.edu
D Card - Handbook of labor economics, 1999 - Elsevier
Abstract This paper surveys the recent literature on the causal relationship between
education and earnings. I focus on four areas of work: theoretical and econometric advances
in modelling the causal effect of education in the presence of heterogeneous returns to ...
Cited by 2373 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 21 versions

[BOOK] Myth and measurement: The new economics of the minimum wage

[HTML] from cato.org
D Card… - 1997 - books.google.com
David Card and Alan B. Krueger have already made national news with their pathbreaking
research on the minimum wage. Here they present a powerful new challenge to the
conventional view that higher minimum wages reduce jobs for low-wage workers. In a ...
Cited by 1690 - Related articles - All 9 versions

Does school quality matter? Returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States

[PDF] from ucdavis.edu
D Card… - 1990 - nber.org
ABSTRACT This paper estimates the effects of school quality--measured by the pupil-
teacher ratio,-the average term length, and the relative pay of teachers--on the rate of return
to education for men born between 1920 and 1949. Using earnings data from the 1980 ...
Cited by 1401 - Related articles - All 38 versions

Minimum wages and employment: A case study of the fast food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania

[PDF] from smu.edu
D Card… - 1993 - nber.org
On April 1, 1992 New Jersey's minimum wage increased from $4.25 to $5.05 per hour. To
evaluate the impact of the law we surveyed 410 fast food restaurants in New Jersey and
Pennsylvania before and after the rise in the minimum. Comparisons of the changes in ...
Cited by 1135 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 57 versions

Estimating the return to schooling: Progress on some persistent econometric problems

[PDF] from uky.edu
D Card - Econometrica, 2001 - Wiley Online Library
2. Abstract This paper reviews a set of recent studies that have attempted to measure the
causal effect of education on labor market earnings by using institutional features of the
supply side of the education system as exogenous determinants of schooling outcomes. A ...
Cited by 1006 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 33 versions

The impact of the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market

[PDF] from stanford.edu
D Card - 1989 - nber.org
ABSTRACT This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effect of the Mariel Boatlift on
the Miami labor market, focusing on the wages and unemployment rates of less-skilled
workers. The Mariel immigrants increased the population and labor force of the Miami ...
Cited by 941 - Related articles - All 44 versions

Skill biased technological change and rising wage inequality: some problems and puzzles

[PDF] from uri.edu
D Card… - 2002 - nber.org
The rise in wage inequality in the US labor market during the 1980s is usually attributed to
skill-biased technical change (SBTC), associated with the development of personal
computers and related information technologies. We review the evidence in favor of this ...
Cited by 819 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 41 versions

Immigrant inflows, native outflows, and the local labor market impacts of higher immigration

[PDF] from gcsu.edu
D Card - 1997 - nber.org
This paper uses 1990 Census data to study the effects of immigrant inflows on the labor
market opportunities of natives and older immigrants. I divide new immigrants, older
immigrants, and natives into distinct skill groups and focus on skill-group-specific ...
Cited by 714 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 28 versions

[PDF] The effects of immigration on the labor market outcomes of less-skilled natives

[PDF] from nber.org
JG Altonji… - 1991 - nber.org
One of the most controversial aspects of immigration policy is the extent to which the arrival
of immigrants helps or harms less-skilled natives. Although economists have developed a
variety of theoretical models to analyze this question (see, eg, Johnson 1980a, 1980b; ...
Cited by 684 - Related articles - All 15 versions

On the covariance structure of earnings and hours changes

[PDF] from bc.edu
JM Abowd… - 1986 - nber.org
This paper presents an empirical analysis of changes in individual earnings and hours over
time. Using longitudinal data from three panel surveys, we catalogue the main features of
the covariance structure of changes in earnings and hours. We then present an ...
Cited by 693 - Related articles - All 21 versions

Can falling supply explain the rising return to college for younger men? A cohort-based analysis

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card… - 2000 - nber.org
Although the college-high school wage gap for younger men has doubled over the past 30
years, the gap for older men has remained nearly constant. We argue that these shifts reflect
changes in the relative supply of highly-educated workers across age groups. Cohorts ...
Cited by 640 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 43 versions

Using geographic variation in college proximity to estimate the return to schooling

[PDF] from tcd.ie
D Card - 1993 - nber.org
A convincing analysis of the causal link between schooling and earnings requires an
exogenous source of variation in education outcomes. This paper explores the use of
college proximity as an exogenous determinant of schooling. Analysis of the NLS Young ...
Cited by 601 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 28 versions

Earnings, schooling, and ability revisited

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1994 - nber.org
This paper presents a survey and interpretation of recent research on the return to
education. The empirical findings in a series of current papers suggest that the causal effect
of education on earnings is understated by standard estimation methods. Using a simple ...
Cited by 556 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 18 versions

Using the longitudinal structure of earnings to estimate the effect of training programs

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
O Ashenfelter… - The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1985 - JSTOR
We use the longitudinal structure of earnings of trainees and a comparison group to estimate
the effectiveness of training for participants in the 1976 CETA programs. We fit a
components-of-variance model to earnings of the comparison group and use a simple ...
Cited by 529 - Related articles - All 14 versions

Is the new immigration really so bad?*

[PDF] from ucl.ac.uk
D Card - The Economic Journal, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
I am grateful to Christian Dustmann, Thomas Lemieux, Ethan Lewis, Stephen Machin and
two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions, and to Florence Neymotin for outstanding
research assistance. Partial funding for this work was provided by the NICHD.
Cited by 498 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 62 versions

School quality and black-white relative earnings: A direct assessment

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card… - 1991 - nber.org
The average wage differential between black and white men fell from 40 percent in 1960 to
25 percent in 1980. Much of this convergence is attributable to a relative increase in the rate
of return to schooling among black workers. It is widely argued that the growth in the ...
Cited by 451 - Related articles - All 22 versions

The effect of unions on the structure of wages: A longitudinal analysis

[PDF] from utah.edu
D Card - Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1996 - JSTOR
This paper studies the effects of unions on the structure of wages, using an estimation
technique that explicitly accounts for misclassification errors in reported union status, and
potential correlations between union status and unobserved productivity. The econometric ...
Cited by 374 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 15 versions

Macroeconomic performance and the disadvantaged

[PDF] from harvard.edu
DM Cutler, LF Katz, D Card… - Brookings Papers on Economic …, 1991 - JSTOR
Along-STANDING, positive relationship between the economic wellbeing of the poor and the
growth of the economy has changed. In the 1960s rapid economic growth and a relatively
stable macroeconomy were associated with a 10 percentage point reduction in the ...
Cited by 341 - Related articles - All 12 versions

Measuring the Effect of Subsidized Training Programs on Movements In andOut of Employment

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1987 - nber.org
We present a variety of alternative estimates of the effect of training on the probability of
employment for adult male participants in the 1976 Comprehensive Employment and
Training Act (CETA) program. Our results suggest that CETA participation increased the ...
Cited by 358 - Related articles - All 16 versions

[PDF] Does Inflation “Grease the Wheels of the Labor Market”?

[PDF] from nber.org
D Card… - 1997 - nber.org
One of the basic tenets of Keynesian economics is that labor market institutions tend to
prevent nominal wage cuts-even in the face of high unemployment. An implication of this
downward rigidity hypothesis is that inflation can ease labor market adjustments by ...
Cited by 353 - Related articles - View as HTML - BL Direct - All 19 versions

Do minimum wages reduce employment? A case study of California, 1987-89

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1991 - nber.org
In July 1988 California's minimum wage rose from $3.35 to $4.25. In the previous year, 11
percent of California workers and fully one-half of its teenage workers earned less than the
new state minimum. The state-specific nature of the California increase provides a ...
Cited by 343 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 25 versions

Using regional variation in wages to measure the effects of the federal minimum wage

[PDF] from sonoma.edu
D Card - 1992 - nber.org
The imposition of a national wage standard sets up a useful natural experiment in which the"
treatment effect" varies across states depending on the fraction of workers earning less than
the new minimum. I use this idea to evaluate the effect of the April 1990 increase in the ...
Cited by 341 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 27 versions

Changes in the relative structure of wages and employment: A comparison of the United States, Canada, and France

[PDF] from crest.fr
D Card, F Kramarz… - 1996 - nber.org
Standard models suggest that adverse labor demand shocks will lead to bigger employment
losses if institutional factors like minimum wages and trade unions prevent downward wage
adjustments. Some economists have argued that this insight explains the contrast ...
Cited by 325 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 16 versions

The wage curve: a review

[PDF] from bath.ac.uk
D Card - Journal of Economic Literature, 1995 - JSTOR
IN THE WAGE CURVE, David Blanchflower and Andrew Oswald set out to establish no less
than an empirical" law" of economics. In their own words, the book is" principally an
examination of the role that local unemployment plays in pay determination-where ...
Cited by 307 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 12 versions

School resources and student outcomes: an overview of the literature and new evidence from North and South Carolina

[PDF] from duke.edu
D Card… - 1996 - nber.org
This paper reviews and interprets the literature on the effect of school resources on students'
eventual earnings and educational attainment. In addition, new evidence is presented on
the impact of the great disparity in school resources between black and white students in ...
Cited by 304 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 31 versions

Time-series minimum-wage studies: a meta-analysis

[PDF] from caltech.edu
D Card… - The American Economic Review, 1995 - JSTOR
One of the best-known predictions of standard economic theory is that an increase in the
minimum wage will lower employment of low-wage workers. The evidence that is frequently
cited in support of this prediction is based on aggregate timeseries studies. There have ...
Cited by 273 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 11 versions

Regression discontinuity inference with specification error

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
DS Lee… - Journal of Econometrics, 2008 - Elsevier
A regression discontinuity (RD) research design is appropriate for program evaluation
problems in which treatment status (or the probability of treatment) depends on whether an
observed covariate exceeds a fixed threshold. In many applications the treatment- ...
Cited by 244 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 24 versions

Minimum wages and employment: a case study of the fast-food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: reply

[PDF] from hec.ca
D Card… - The American Economic Review, 2000 - JSTOR
Replication and reanalysis are important endeavors in economics, especially when new
findings run counter to conventional wisdom. In their Comment on our 1994 American
Economic Review article, David Neumark and William Wascher (2000) challenge our ...
Cited by 262 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 25 versions

Labor market effects of school quality: Theory and evidence

D Card… - 1996 - nber.org
This paper presents an overview and interpretation of the literature relating school quality to
students' subsequent labor market success. We begin with a simple theoretical model that
describes the determination of schooling and earnings with varying school quality. A key ...
Cited by 252 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 10 versions

Intertemporal labor supply: An assessment

[PDF] from ucdavis.edu
D Card - 1991 - nber.org
The lifecycle labor supply model has been proposed as an explanation for various
dimensions of labor supply, including movements over the business cycle, changes with
age, and within-person variation over time. According to the model, all of these elements ...
Cited by 247 - Related articles - All 24 versions

Recent Trends in Insured and Uninsured Unemployment: Is There an Explanation?

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
RM Blank… - 1989 - nber.org
This paper presents new evidence on the reasons for the recent decline in the fraction of
unemployed workers who receive unemployment insurance benefits. Using samples of
unemployed workers from the March Current Population Survey, we estimate the fraction ...
Cited by 247 - Related articles - All 18 versions

Do immigrant inflows lead to native outflows?

[PDF] from umich.edu
D Card… - 2000 - nber.org
We use 1980 and 1990 Census data for 119 larger Metropolitan Statistical Areas to examine
the effect of skill-group specific immigrant inflows on the location decisions of natives in the
same skill group, and on the overall distribution of human capital. To control for ...
Cited by 235 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 21 versions

School finance reform, the distribution of school spending, and the distribution of SAT scores

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1998 - nber.org
In this paper we study the effects of school finance reforms on the distribution of school
spending across richer and poorer districts, and the effects of spending equalization on the
distribution of student outcomes across children from different family backgrounds. We use ...
Cited by 229 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 19 versions

Immigration and Wages: Evidence from the 1980's

[PDF] from princeton.edu
KF Butcher… - The American Economic Review, 1991 - JSTOR
More immigrants entered the United States during the past decade than in any comparable
period since the 1920's. Among the issues raised by this influx, none is as controversial as
its effect on the labor market opportunities of native-born workers. Evidence on the labor ...
Cited by 210 - Related articles - All 13 versions

Practical software measurement: objective information for decision makers

J McGarry, D Card, C Jones, B Layman, E Clark… - Boston, MA, 2002 - lavoisier.fr
Now that software is embedded in nearly every human endeavor, measuring softwares
effectiveness and value has become utterly crucial. Practical Software Measurement
introduces proven techniques for implementing quantitative software metrics covering ...
Cited by 201 - Related articles - Cached - All 3 versions

Extended benefits and the duration of UI spells: evidence from the New Jersey extended benefit program

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - Journal of Public Economics, 2000 - Elsevier
This paper examines the impact on the duration of unemployment insurance receipt of a
politically motivated program that offered 13 weeks of 'extended benefits' for 6 months in
1996. Using state-level data and individual administrative records from before, during and ...
Cited by 188 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 22 versions

[PDF] Dropout and enrollment trends in the postwar period: What went wrong in the 1970s?

[PDF] from nber.org
D Card… - 2001 - nber.org
Over most of the last century, successive cohorts of children had rising enrollment rates and
increasing educational attainment. This trend stopped abruptly with cohorts that entered
high school in the late 1960s. Young men's high school completion rates drifted down ...
Cited by 173 - Related articles - View as HTML - BL Direct - All 26 versions

Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap

[PDF] from 128.36.236.74
D Card… - Journal of Public Economics, 2007 - Elsevier
Racial segregation is often blamed for some of the achievement gap between blacks and
whites. We study the effects of school and neighborhood segregation on the relative SAT
scores of black students across different metropolitan areas, using large microdata ...
Cited by 166 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 61 versions

Active Labour Market Policy Evaluations: A Meta‐Analysis*

[PDF] from ifo-geschaeftsklima.info
D Card, J Kluve… - The Economic Journal, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
This article presents a meta-analysis of recent microeconometric evaluations of active labour
market policies. We categorise 199 programme impacts from 97 studies conducted between
1995 and 2007. Job search assistance programmes yield relatively favourable ...
Cited by 167 - Related articles - All 55 versions

Poverty, income distribution, and growth: Are they still connected?

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
RM Blank, D Card, F Levy… - Brookings Papers on Economic …, 1993 - JSTOR
MACROECONOMIC GROWTH has long been viewed as one of the most effective ways to
reduce poverty. Historically, the rising tide of labor market opportunities that accompanies an
economic expansion has helped the poor more than the rich, leading to a narrowing of the ...
Cited by 154 - Related articles - All 17 versions

[PDF] The diffusion of Mexican immigrants during the 1990s: Explanations and impacts

[PDF] from nber.org
D Card… - Mexican immigration to the United States, 2007 - nber.org
During the 1990s the number of Mexican immigrants living in the United States rose by
nearly five million people. This rapid growth is illustrated by the solid line in figure 6.1, which
shows the number of working-age Mexican immigrants recorded in the 2000 Census by ...
Cited by 148 - Related articles - View as HTML - BL Direct - All 26 versions

[PDF] A comparative analysis of unemployment in Canada and the United States

[PDF] from nber.org
D Card… - 1993 - nber.org
In most countries the unemployment rate is a closely watched indicator of labor market
performance. Judged by this standard the performance of the Canadian economy
deteriorated sharply in the 1980s. The average decadal unemployment rate rose from 6.7 ...
Cited by 142 - Related articles - View as HTML - All 17 versions

The impact of nearly universal insurance coverage on health care utilization and health: evidence from Medicare

[HTML] from nih.gov
D Card, C Dobkin… - 2004 - nber.org
We use the increases in health insurance coverage at age 65 generated by the rules of the
Medicare program to evaluate the effects of health insurance coverage on health related
behaviors and outcomes. The rise in overall coverage at age 65 is accompanied by a ...
Cited by 152 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 59 versions

Financial incentives for increasing work and income among low-income families

[PDF] from escholarship.org
RM Blank, D Card… - 1999 - nber.org
This paper investigates the impact of financial incentive programs, which have become an
increasingly common component of welfare programs. We review experimental evidence
from several such programs. Financial incentive programs appear to increase work and ...
Cited by 139 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 29 versions

Unexpected inflation, real wages, and employment determination in union contracts

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1988 - nber.org
This paper presents new microeconometric evidence on the relevance of nominal
contracting for employment determination in the unionized sector. Real wages in long term
union contracts contain an unanticipated component that reflects unexpected changes in ...
Cited by 138 - Related articles - All 22 versions

Strikes and wages: a test of an asymmetric information model

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card - The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1990 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract This paper describes a simple model of labor disputes based on the hypothesis that
unions use strikes to infer the profitability of the firm. The model posits the existence of a
negatively sloped resistance curve between wages and strike duration. In addition, it offer ...
Cited by 129 - Related articles - All 15 versions

The Effect of Unions on the Distribution of Wages: Redistribution or Relabelling?

D Card - 1992 - nber.org
This paper re-examines the connection between unions and wage inequality, focusing on
three questions:(1) How does the union wage effect vary across the wage distribution?(2)
What is the effect of unionism on the overall variance of wages at the end of the 1980s?(3) ...
Cited by 129 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions

Effect of Unions on Wage Inequality in the US Labor Market, The

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev., 2000 - HeinOnline
This study uses Current Population Survey micro data for 1973-74 and 1993 to evaluate the
effect of changing union membership on trends in male and female wage inequality.
Unionization rates of men fell between the two sample periods, with bigger declines ...
Cited by 127 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 17 versions

The More Things Change: Immigrants and the Children of Immigrants in the 1940s, the 1970s, and the 1990s

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card, J DiNardo… - 1998 - nber.org
Rising immigrant inflows have substantially affected the size and composition of the US
workforce. They are also exerting an even bigger intergenerational effect: at present one-in-
ten native born children are in the'second generation'born to immigrant parents. In this ...
Cited by 126 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 19 versions

Cash-on-hand and competing models of intertemporal behavior: New evidence from the labor market

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card, R Chetty… - 2006 - nber.org
This paper presents new tests of the permanent income hypothesis and other widely used
models of household behavior using data from the labor market. We estimate the" excess
sensitivity" of job search behavior to cash-on-hand using sharp discontinuities in eligibility ...
Cited by 122 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 49 versions

Unemployment insurance taxes and the cyclical and seasonal properties of unemployment

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - Journal of Public Economics, 1994 - Elsevier
Abstract We combine Current Population Survey micro data for 1979–1987 with a newly
assembled database of tax rates for the US unemployment insurance system to measure the
effects of imperfect experience-rating on the incidence of unemployment. We find a strong ...
Cited by 116 - Related articles - All 12 versions

Efficient contracts with costly adjustment: short-run employment determination for airline mechanics

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1986 - nber.org
This paper presents an empirical analysis of firm-specific employment and wage outcomes
for mechanics in the domestic airline industry. A dynamic contracting model is presented that
incorporates both costly employment adjustment and potential gaps between contract ...
Cited by 116 - Related articles - All 14 versions

Immigration and inequality

[PDF] from ucl.ac.uk
D Card - 2009 - nber.org
Immigration is often viewed as a proximate cause of the rising wage gap between high-and
low-skilled workers. Nevertheless, there is controversy over the appropriate framework for
measuring the presumed effect, and over the magnitudes involved. This paper offers an ...
Cited by 117 - Related articles - All 39 versions

Did the elimination of mandatory retirement affect faculty retirement flows?

[PDF] from econstor.eu
O Ashenfelter… - 2001 - nber.org
A special exemption from the 1986 Age Discrimination Act allowed colleges and universities
to enforce mandatory retirement of faculty at age 70 until 1994. We compare faculty turnover
rates at a large sample of institutions before and after the federal law change, and at a set ...
Cited by 117 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 30 versions

Unions and wage inequality

[PDF] from ubc.ca
D Card, T Lemieux… - Journal of Labor Research, 2004 - Springer
Summary and Conclusions The impact of unions on the structure of wages has recently
attracted renewed interest as analysts have struggled to explain the rise in earnings
inequality in several industrialized countries. Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United ...
Cited by 112 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 20 versions

Would the elimination of affirmative action affect highly qualified minority applicants? Evidence from California and Texas

[PDF] from cornell.edu
D Card… - 2004 - nber.org
Between 1996 and 1998 California and Texas eliminated the use of affirmative action in
college and university admissions. At the states' elite public universities admission rates of
black and Hispanic students fell by 30-50 percent and minority representation in the ...
Cited by 113 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 23 versions

Comment on David Neumark and William Wascher, Employment effects of minimum and subminimum wages: Panel data on state minimum wage laws

[PDF] from ucdavis.edu
D Card, LF Katz… - Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev., 1993 - HeinOnline
In their article published in the" Minimum Wage Research Symposium" in the October 1992
issue of this journal {Industrialand Labor Relations Review, Volume 45, Number 1, pp. 55-
81), David Neumark and William Wascher claim to find empirical support for three ...
Cited by 109 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 13 versions

Intertemporal labor supply and long-term employment contracts

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
JM Abowd… - The American Economic Review, 1987 - JSTOR
We compare a contracting model and a labor supply model. One test is whether earnings
changes are more variable than hours changes, as predicted by the labor supply model, or
less variable, as predicted by the contracting model. We apply this test to two longitudinal ...
Cited by 108 - Related articles - All 14 versions

Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card, A Mas… - The Quarterly Journal of …, 2008 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract Schelling (“Dynamic Models of Segregation,” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1
(1971), 143–186) showed that extreme segregation can arise from social interactions in
white preferences: once the minority share in a neighborhood exceeds a “tipping point,” ...
Cited by 114 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 12 versions

Wage dispersion, returns to skill, and black-white wage differentials

D Card… - Journal of Econometrics, 1996 - Elsevier
During the 1980s wage differentials between different age and education groups expanded
rapidly. Wage dispersion among individuals with the same age and education also rose. A
simple explanation for both sets of facts is that earnings vary with a one-dimensional index ...
Cited by 107 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 12 versions

Estimating the effects of a time limited earnings subsidy for welfare leavers

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 2004 - nber.org
In the Self Sufficiency Program (SSP) welfare demonstration, members of a randomly
assigned treatment group could receive a subsidy for full time work. The subsidy was
available for three years, but only to people who began working full time within 12 months ...
Cited by 109 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 28 versions

Adapting to circumstances: The evolution of work, school, and living arrangements among north american youth

[PDF] from psu.edu
D Card… - 1997 - nber.org
We use comparable micro data sets for the US and Canada to study the responses of young
workers to the external labor market forces that have affected the two countries over the past
25 years. We find that young workers adjust to changes in labor market opportunities ...
Cited by 98 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 20 versions

Going to college to avoid the draft: The unintended legacy of the Vietnam War

[PDF] from ubc.ca
D Card… - The American Economic Review, 2001 - JSTOR
Between 1965 and 1975 the enrollment rate of college-age men in the United States rose
and then fell abruptly. Many contemporary observers (eg, James Davis and Kenneth
Dolbeare, 1968) attributed the surge in college attendance to draft-avoidance behavior. ...
Cited by 92 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 15 versions

Time series representations of economic variables and alternative models of the labour market

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
O Ashenfelter… - The Review of Economic Studies, 1982 - restud.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract Accepting the hypothesis that the time-series “facts” of the aggregate labour market
may be summarized by the linear autoregressive and moving average representations of
wages, prices, unemployment, and interest rates implies that a useful theory ought to lead ...
Cited by 88 - Related articles - All 15 versions

Strikes and bargaining: A survey of the recent empirical literature

D Card - The American Economic Review, 1990 - JSTOR
Although strikes have captured the attention of economists for many years, the
microeconometric analysis of collective bargaining disputes is still in its infancy. Until
recently, a major stumbling block was the absence of data on contract negotiations and ...
Cited by 86 - Related articles - All 8 versions

Unionization and wage inequality: a comparative study of the US, the UK, and Canada

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card, T Lemieux… - 2003 - nber.org
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the link between unionization and wage
inequality in the US, the UK, and Canada. Our main motivation is to see whether
unionization can account for differences and trends in wage inequality in industrialized ...
Cited by 85 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 22 versions

How immigration affects US cities

[PDF] from ucl.ac.uk
D Card - Making cities work: prospects and policies for urban …, 2007 - books.google.com
The United States is once again becoming a country of immigrants. Immigrant arrivals—
currently running about 1.25 million people per year—account for 40 percent of the
population growth nationally, and a much larger share in some regions (see US ...
Cited by 84 - Related articles - All 18 versions

[BOOK] Small differences that matter: Labor markets and income maintenance in Canada and the United States

DE Card… - 1993 - books.google.com
Page 1. Small differences That Matter Labor Markets and income maintenance in Canada and
the United States Edited by David Card t Richard B. Freeman National Bureau of Economic
Research Comparative Labor Markets Series Page 2. Small Differences That Matter Page 3 ...
Cited by 79 - Related articles - All 6 versions

The spike at benefit exhaustion: Leaving the unemployment system or starting a new job?

[PDF] from bcrp.gob.pe
D Card, R Chetty… - 2007 - nber.org
In this paper, we review the literature on the" spike" in unemployment exit rates around
benefit exhaustion, and present new evidence based on administrative data for a large
sample of job losers in Austria. We find that the way unemployment spells are measured ...
Cited by 80 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 35 versions

The Self-Sufficiency Project at 36 Months: Effects of a Financial Work Incentive on Employment and Income.

C Michalopoulos, D Card, LA Gennetian, K Harknett… - 2000 - eric.ed.gov
Abstract: This report previews the Self-Sufficiency Project's (SSP's) longer-term effects by
looking at these four related issues: wage progression, job retention, marital status, and
attitudes toward work. A companion report, available separately, examines SSP's effects ...
Cited by 76 - Related articles - Cached

Using discontinuous eligibility rules to identify the effects of the federal medicaid expansions on low-income children

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004 - JSTOR
Despite intensive scrutiny, the effects of Medicaid expansions on the health insurance status
of low-income children remain controversial. We reexamine the effects of the two largest
federally mandated expansions which offered Medicaid coverage to low-income children ...
Cited by 74 - Related articles - All 21 versions

Deregulation and labor earnings in the airline industry

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1996 - nber.org
This paper uses a variety of data sources to study the effect of deregulation on the structure
of wages in the airline industry. Microdata from the 1980 and 1990 Censuses show a 10
percent decline in the relative earnings of airline workers after deregulation, with roughly ...
Cited by 70 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 19 versions

Education, earnings, and the" Canadian GI Bill"

[PDF] from ubc.ca
T Lemieux… - 1998 - nber.org
We use the unique experiences of Canadian World War II veterans to identify the effects of a
large scale college subsidy program on educational attainment and earnings. Like the
United States, Canada set up an extensive veteran's assistance program that provided ...
Cited by 68 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 25 versions

Firm-level contracting and the structure of wages in Spain

D Card… - Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev., 2005 - HeinOnline
In many European countries, sectoral bargaining agreements are automatically extended to
cover all firms in an industry. Employers and employees can also negotiate firm-specific
contracts. The authors of this paper use a large matched employer-employee data set ...
Cited by 68 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 8 versions

An empirical model of wage indexation provisions in union contracts

D Card - 1984 - nber.org
Cost of living escalators are an important feature of North American labor contracts. This
paper presents a measure of the response of index-linked wage increases to concurrent
price increases for a sample of Canadian contracts, and then analyses this response in ...
Cited by 66 - Related articles - All 10 versions

Why have unemployment rates in Canada and the US diverged?

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
OC Ashenfelter… - 1986 - nber.org
Throughout the post-war period, US and Canadian unemployent rates moved in tandem, but
this historical link apparently ended in 1982. During the past three years, Canadian
unemployment rates have been some three percentage points higher than their US ...
Cited by 64 - Related articles - All 18 versions

Do financial incentives encourage welfare recipients to work? Evidence from a randomized evaluation of the self-sufficiency project

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1996 - nber.org
This paper reports on a randomized evaluation of an earnings subsidy offered to long-term
welfare recipients in Canada. The program--known as the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP)--
provides a supplement equal to one-half of the difference between a target earnings level ...
Cited by 64 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 24 versions

School resources and student outcomes

D Card… - The ANNALS of the American Academy of …, 1998 - ann.sagepub.com
Abstract In this article, David Card and Alan Krueger review the literature examining how
school resources affect students' educational attainment and earnings. After addressing the
challenges that researchers face in studying such a connection, the authors describe the ...
Cited by 62 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions

Is Workers' Compensation Covering Uninsured Medical Costs? Evidence fromtheMonday Effect'

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1995 - nber.org
Steady increases in the costs of medical care, coupled with a rise in the fraction of workers
who lack medical care insurance, have led to a growing concern that the Workers'
Compensation system is paying for off-the-job injuries. Many analysts have interpreted the ...
Cited by 60 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 21 versions

Does Medicare Save Lives?

[PDF] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card, C Dobkin… - The quarterly journal of …, 2009 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract Health insurance characteristics shift at age 65 as most people become eligible for
Medicare. We measure the impacts of these changes on patients who are admitted to
hospitals through emergency departments for conditions with similar admission rates on ...
Cited by 64 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 44 versions

Changing Wage Structure and Black-White Differentials Among Men and Women: A Longitudinal Analysis

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1994 - nber.org
Despite several decades of research there is still widespread disagreement over the
interpretation of the wage differences between black and white workers. Do the differences
reflect productivity differences, discrimination, or both? If lower black earnings reflect a ...
Cited by 60 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 19 versions

The impact of deregulation on the employment and wages of airline mechanics

[PDF] from princeton.edu
D Card - 1986 - nber.org
This paper describes the effects of deregulation on negotiated wage rates and employment
levels of aircraft mechanics in the scheduled airline industry. Firm-specific data for the
incumbent trunk airlines show relatively small changes in real wage rates since ...
Cited by 59 - Related articles - All 22 versions

Bargaining power, strike duration, and wage outcomes: An analysis of strikes in the 1880s

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card… - 1992 - nber.org
We study strike durations and outcomes for some 2000 disputes that occurred between
1881 and 1886. Most post-strike bargaining settlements in the 1880s fell into one of two
categories: either a union" victory", characterized by a significant wage gain or hours cut, ...
Cited by 55 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 16 versions

Falling Union Membership and Rising Wage Inequality: What's the Connection?

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - 1998 - nber.org
This paper presents new evidence on the effects of changing union membership on trends
in wage dispersion in the US labor market. I use data from the mid-1970s and early 1990s to
compare union membership rates for workers in different deciles of the wage distribution, ...
Cited by 55 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 10 versions

Cost-of-living escalators in major union contracts

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1983 - JSTOR
This paper analyzes the price-indexation provisions of a sample of major Canadian
collective bargaining agreements concluded between 1968 and 1975. Under these
contracts, escalated wage increases comprised about one-third of total wage increases ...
Cited by 54 - Related articles - All 11 versions

A reanalysis of the effect of the New Jersey minimum wage increase on the fast-food industry with representative payroll data

[PDF] from sonoma.edu
D Card… - 1998 - nber.org
This paper re-examines the effect of the 1992 New Jersey minimum wage increase on
employment in the fast-food industry. We begin by analyzing employment trends using a
comprehensive new data set derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics's (BLS's) ES-202 ...
Cited by 53 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 15 versions

8 Unions and the wage structure

[PDF] from ubc.ca
D Card, T Lemieux… - International handbook of trade …, 2003 - books.google.com
This chapter discusses the impact of unions on the wage structure-the way in which wages
vary systematically with characteristics such as education, age, gender, or occupation. Do
unions widen or narrow pay differentials between the skilled and unskilled, between men ...
Cited by 49 - Related articles - All 8 versions

Trends in relative black-white earnings revisited

[PDF] from stanford.edu
D Card… - The American Economic Review, 1993 - JSTOR
The narrowing of the black-white earnings gap between 1960 and the mid-1970's
represents one of the most significant episodes of relative progress for African Americans in
US history. After two decades of analysis, however, there is still controversy over the ...
Cited by 47 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 17 versions

[PDF] Understanding attitudes to immigration: The migration and minority module of the first European Social Survey

[PDF] from ucl.ac.uk
D Card, C Dustmann… - 2005 - discovery.ucl.ac.uk
Abstract: Immigration control is an issue that figures prominently in public policy discussions
and election campaigns throughout Europe. Although immigration may have positive effects
on economic efficiency and growth in the receiving economy, it is often the negative ...
Cited by 46 - Related articles - View as HTML - All 16 versions

[PDF] Do Financial Incentives Encourage Welfare Recipients to Work?

[PDF] from srdc.org
D Card… - WORKING PAPER-PRINCETON UNIVERSITY …, 1996 - srdc.org
This is the fourth report on the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP), a research and demonstration
project conceived and funded by Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC), and
managed by the Social Research and Demonstration Corporation (SRDC). SSP seeks a ...
Cited by 44 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 5 versions

When financial work incentives pay for themselves: evidence from a randomized social experiment for welfare recipients

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
C Michalopoulos, PK Robins… - Journal of Public Economics, 2005 - Elsevier
This paper summarizes early findings from a social experiment that provided financial
incentives for new welfare recipients to leave welfare and work full time. The financial
incentive was essentially a negative income tax with a requirement that people work at ...
Cited by 45 - Related articles - All 18 versions

Labor supply with a minimum hours threshold

[PDF] from berkeley.edu
D Card - Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public …, 1990 - Elsevier
Abstract This paper considers the importance of minimum hours thresholds for the
interpretation of individual labor supply data. An analysis of quarterly labor-supply outcomes
for prime-age males in the Survey of Income and Program Participation suggests that such ...
Cited by 42 - Related articles - All 15 versions

[PDF] Do Work Incentives Have Unintended Consequences?

[PDF] from srdc.org
G Berlin, W Bancroft, D Card, W Lin… - Self, 1997 - srdc.org
Executive Summary One of the most troubling issues facing social policymakers and
researchers is whether new policies or programs will have unintended negative
consequences. In the realm of welfare reform specifically, a common fear is that targeting ...
Cited by 41 - Related articles - All 5 versions

[PDF] When financial incentives pay for themselves: Early findings from the Self-Sufficiency Project's applicant study

[PDF] from cfsinnovation.com
C Michalopoulos, PK Robins… - May. Ottawa: Social …, 1999 - cfsinnovation.com
Policy-makers have struggled for decades with the problem of designing an income support
program that will provide an adequate safety net while promoting economic selfsufficiency.
Government safety net programs like Income Assistance (IA) pit one of these objectives ...
Cited by 40 - Related articles - View as HTML - All 12 versions

[BOOK] Finding jobs: Work and welfare reform

DE Card… - 2000 - books.google.com
Page 1. FINDING Work and Welfare Reform David Card and Rebecca M. Blank, Editors
Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. FINDING N ***** DO PLUMMETING WELFARE CASELOADS
and rising employment prove that welfare reform policies ...
Cited by 38 - Related articles - All 5 versions

What have two decades of British economic reform delivered?

[PDF] from ens.fr
D Card… - 2002 - nber.org
Beginning in 1979 with the newly electted Thatcher Government and continuing under
successive Conservative and Labour Governments, the United Kingdom has embarked on a
two-decade-long experiment in economic reform. We present evidence that the reform ...
Cited by 35 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 14 versions

School competition and efficiency with publicly funded Catholic schools

[PDF] from mcmaster.ca
D Card, M Dooley… - 2008 - nber.org
The province of Ontario has two publicly funded school systems: secular schools (known as
public schools) that are open to all students, and separate schools that are open to children
with Catholic backgrounds. The systems are administered independently and receive ...
Cited by 36 - Related articles - All 38 versions

Family violence and football: The effect of unexpected emotional cues on violent behavior

[HTML] from oxfordjournals.org
D Card… - 2009 - nber.org
Family violence is a pervasive and costly problem, yet there is no consensus on how to
interpret the phenomenon of violence by one family member against another. Some analysts
assume that violence has an instrumental role in intra-family incentives. Others argue that ...
Cited by 33 - Related articles - All 43 versions

[CITATION] Intertemporal substitution in the presence of long term contracts

JM Abowd… - Working Papers, 1984 - econpapers.repec.org
By John M. Abowd and David E. Card; Intertemporal Substitution
in the Presence of Long Term Contracts.
Cited by 30 - Related articles - Cached - All 6 versions

[CITATION] Handbook of labor economics

J Heckman, R LaLonde… - Handbook of …, 1999 - Handbook of Labor Economics
Cited by 29 - Related articles

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