RS Kroszner… - American Economic Review, 1998 - JSTOR
We develop a positive theory of how interest-group competition shapes the organization of
Congress and use it to explain campaign contribution patterns in financial services. Since
interest groups cannot enforce fee-for-service contracts with legislators, legislators have ...
T Stratmann - Southern Economic Journal, 1991 - JSTOR
In the 1987-1988 election cycle, political action committees (PACs) spent $176.6 million on
candidates who competed for a seat in the House of Representatives. What do PACs buy
when contributing this money? If campaign contributions are rational allocations of a ...
T Stratmann - Journal of Political Economy, 1992 - JSTOR
Empirical public choice literature and casual observation suggest that the behavior of
political action committees is remarkably unsophisticated, meaning that PACs give to those
legislators who would support their interests anyway. Thus it is suggested that contributor ...
T Stratmann… - 2002 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This paper examines the importance of electoral rules for legislators' behavior. The
German electoral system includes a mechanism which assigns whether legislators are
elected under the" first-past-the-post"(FPTP), or the proportional representation (PR) ...
T Stratmann - JL & Econ., 1998 - HeinOnline
ABSTRACT This study utilizes the timing of campaign contributions to identify whether the
objective of Political Action Committees (PACs) is to influence congressional votes or solely
to elect a preferred candidate. The results show that PAC behavior is con-sistent with an ...
T Stratmann - Journal of Law and Economics, 2002 - JSTOR
Abstract The challenge in the campaign contribution literature has been to overcome the
simultaneous-equation bias that is inherent in the vote-contribution relationship. This paper
proposes a new method to overcome this bias. It examines behavior at different points of ...
T Stratmann - The American Economic Review, 1992 - JSTOR
The theoretical public-choice literature suggests that vote trading is an important
determinant of congressional voting behavior. Yet empirical voting models do not allow for
vote trading. These models recognize that observed ideology may influence legislative ...
T Stratmann - The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1995 - JSTOR
Theoretical and empirical studies do not address whether campaign contributions from more
than one election cycle are important for congressional voting behavior. Further, they do not
address whether campaign contributions from different periods have different effects on ...
DC Mueller… - Journal of Public Economics, 2003 - Elsevier
Considerable concern has been expressed in recent years about declines in voter
participation rates in the United States and in several other major democratic countries.
Some feel low participation rates introduce a 'class bias' into the political process and ...
T Stratmann - Policy Challenges and Political Responses, 2005 - Springer
The financing of political campaigns is an area of active scholarly study. I review some of the
recent literature and discuss important methodological issues that arise in empirical
research on campaign expenditures and campaign contributions. The effects of campaign ...
T Stratmann - American Political Science Review, 2000 - JSTOR
The proposed model predicts that voting behavior of legislators is more variable early in
their career and that junior members are more likely to vote with their party than senior
members. The results from the analysis of voting patterns in the House of Representatives ...
DC Mueller… - Public choice, 1994 - Springer
In this paper we use a simple Downsian spatial model to analyze the properties of campaign
contributions. We first consider campaign contributions that are intended to inform voters of
candidate positions. We show that it is difficult to construct arguments in a Downsian ...
B Akitoby… - The Economic Journal, 2008 - Wiley Online Library
The views expressed in this article are those of the author (s) and do not represent those of
the IMF or IMF policy. This article was written when Thomas Stratmann was a visiting scholar
with the IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department in early 2005. Thomas Stratmann thanks the ...
RS Kroszner… - Journal of Law and Economics, 2005 - JSTOR
Abstract Are politicians who follow a strategy of reputational development rewarded with
high levels of corporate campaign contributions? Reputational clarity could help to reduce
uncertainty about a candidate and lead to greater campaign contributions from favored ...
D Houser… - Public Choice, 2008 - Springer
Abstract Campaign advertising can provide benefits to constituencies when used to fund the
distribution of useful information, but voters can be harmed if candidates finance such
advertising by trading policy favors to special interests in exchange for contributions. We ...
T Stratmann - JL & Econ., 1996 - HeinOnline
Abstract This article shows that voting in the US Congress and contribution strategies of
political action committees (PACs) are guided not by the median voter model but by a model
that emphasizes characteristics of legislators' unobserved reelection constituencies. It also ...
T Stratmann - The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, 2003 - Springer
Vote trading between legislators or committee members is a common phenomenon. The
economics and political science literature defines logrolling or vote-trading as follows: Let (x,
y) and (z, w) be pairs of mutually exclusive issues and let voter preferences with respect to ...
J Klick… - J. Legal Stud., 2003 - HeinOnline
ABSTRACT Unwanted pregnancy represents a major cost of sexual activity. When abortion
was legalized in a number of states in 1969 and 1970 (and nationally in 1973), this cost was
reduced. We predict that abortion legalization generated incentives leading to an increase ...
T Stratmann - Public Choice, 2006 - Springer
Abstract This paper examines whether campaign contribution restrictions have
consequences for election outcomes. States are a natural laboratory to examine this issue.
We analyze elections to Assemblies from 1980 to 2001 and determine whether ...
Abstract: In recent years, much attention has been directed at the ongoing increase in body
weight, and what might be done about it. We use data from the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS) for the period 1982-1996 to estimate models relating measures of body ...
J Klick… - Florida State University Law School Working …, 2005 - 67.208.89.102
Abstract: Many states have passed medical malpractice law reforms in an effort to retain and
attract physicians. However, it is unclear what the net public health effect of such reforms is.
While reforms are likely to help states retain doctors, they also diminish incentives to ...
A Drazen, N Limão… - Journal of Public Economics, 2007 - Elsevier
The perceived importance of “special interest group” money in election campaigns motivates
widespread use of caps on allowable contributions. We present a bargaining model in which
the effect of a cap that is not too stringent on the amount a lobby can contribute improves ...
T Stratmann - 2003 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Campaign expenditures are not effective in increasing candidates' vote shares if
voters do not respond to the advertisement when they believe that campaign expenditures
are financed with" tainted money." In this situation, limiting contributions may reduce the ...
A Fink… - Kyklos, 2011 - Wiley Online Library
States have soft budget constraints when they can expect a bailout by the federal
government in the event of a financial crisis. This gives rise to incentives for unsound state
fiscal policy. We test whether states with softer budget constraints have higher debts and ...
T Stratmann - Economic Inquiry, 1995 - Wiley Online Library
Does exchange, ie, vote trading, occur in legislatures?! f so, is it quantitatively important or
optimal? How important are political parties for the organization of logrolling coalitions? To
address these questions, this paper investigates a broad range of votes where logrolling ...
S Neelsen… - Journal of Health Economics, 2011 - Elsevier
Abstract This paper examines the long run education and labor market effects from early-life
exposure to the Greek 1941-42 famine. Given the short duration of the famine, we can
separately identify the famine effects for cohorts exposed in utero, during infancy and at ...
T Stratmann - Public Choice, 2009 - Springer
Abstract The apparent ineffectiveness of incumbent campaign spending in congressional
elections is one of the enduring puzzles in the political economy literature. Previous work in
this area has assumed that advertising prices are uniform across congressional districts, ...
J Klick… - The Journal of Legal Studies, 2007 - JSTOR
Abstract If medical malpractice reform affects the supply of physicians, the effects will be
concentrated in specialties facing high liability exposure. Many doctors are likely to be
indifferent regarding reform, because their likelihood of being sued is low. This difference ...
RS Kroszner… - 2000 - nber.org
Do politicians tend to follow a strategy of ambiguity in their policy positions or a strategy of
reputational development to reduce uncertainty about where they stand? Ambiguity could
allow a legislator to avoid alienating constituents and to play rival interests off against ...
T Stratmann - American Journal of Political Science, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
The recent academic literature suggests that pressure from special interest groups has little
or no influence on whether initiatives and referendums are passed or defeated. Further,
there is a consensus that, to the degree that groups' campaigning is important for ...
T Stratmann - S. Cal. L. Rev., 2004 - HeinOnline
When it comes to money in politics, academic research has a difficult time establishing that
the resources spent by special interest groups influence the formation of legislation, the
passage and defeat of ballot measures, and the identity of the winner in candidate ...
T Stratmann… - 2001 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Theoretically, campaign contribution restrictions can either lead to closer elections
or amount to incumbent protection devices. States are a natural laboratory to examine the
effect of contribution restrictions on election outcomes. We analyze elections to the state ...
T Stratmann - European Journal of Political Economy, 2005 - Elsevier
In many states of the United States, candidates must meet certain requirements in order to
be listed on the ballot. Such requirements include filing fees and minimum number of
collected signatures. Incumbents have incentives to use these requirements to protect ...
T Stratmann - Public Choice, 1996 - Springer
The issues of cyclical majorities and instability of collective choices have been in the fore-
front in the discussion of social choice mechanisms. Cycling, lack of equilibria, and so called
chaos theorems have been prevalent in the public choice literature. Whether cycling ...
MD Makowsky… - The American Economic Review, 2009 - JSTOR
Can speeding tickets be explained solely by a driver's excessive speed, or could they be
seen as serving as supplemental local revenue, or reflecting officer preferences? Theory
suggests that the levels of enforcement and punishment for traffic violations are based on ...
J Klick… - Journal of Law and Economics, 2007 - JSTOR
Abstract In the face of rising rates of diabetes, many states have passed laws requiring
health insurance plans to cover medical treatments for the disease. Although supporters of
the mandates expect them to improve the health of diabetics, the mandates have the ...
T Stratmann - Public Choice, 2006 - Springer
Abstract Much work on the apparent ineffectiveness on incumbent spending in
congressional elections has hypothesized that the productivity of incumbent spending is low
because incumbents operate on the “flat part” of their election returns function. Differences ...
RS Kroszner… - Business and Politics, 2000 - Taylor & Francis
Interest groups cannot enforce contracts with legislators to work in their favor since fee-for-
service agreements would be considered bribery. When such contracts are not available, a
system of specialized, standing committees can provide a second-best way to maximize ...
T Stratmann - Eastern Economic Journal, 1999 - JSTOR
Do doctor visits reduce work time lost due to illness? The health economics literature has
extensively examined the supply and demand side of the medical services market, studying
the role of new technologies, the effects ofhealth insurance, increasing health ...
J Klick… - Journal of Law, Economics, and …, 2008 - Oxford Univ Press
Abstract Laws requiring minors to seek parental consent or to notify a parent prior to
obtaining an abortion raise the cost of risky sex for teenagers. Assuming choices to engage
in risky sex are made rationally, parental involvement laws should lead to less risky sex ...
J Klick… - The Journal of Legal Studies, 2006 - JSTOR
Abstract A model of addiction in which individuals are forward looking implies that as the
availability of addiction treatment options grows, individuals will consume more of an
addictive good. We test this implication using cross-state variation in the adoption of ...
T Stratmann… - Public Choice, 2004 - Springer
The determinants of recent US districtcourt judges and appellate court judgesselection have
been subject of much debate, but little systematic evidence has beenpresented to
substantiate claims regardingdiscrimination against particular groups ofjudicial nominees, ...
DC Mueller, T Stratmann, Universität München… - 2002 - ejournal.narotama.ac.id
Abstract Considerable concern has been expressed in recent years about declines in voter
participation rates in the United States and in several other major democratic countries.
Some feel low participation rates introduce a 'class bias' into the political process and ...
Abstract: This paper examines the effect of workplace safety regulations on worker safety.
Studies in this area must overcome the issue that regulations and worker safety are jointly
determined and that regulatory resources are likely to focus on the worst offenders. We ...
B Akitoby… - Review of World Economics, 2010 - Springer
Abstract This paper investigates the value of political institutions for financial markets, using
panel data from emerging market countries. We test the hypothesis that changes in political
institutions, such as improvements in democratic rights and increased government ...
T Stratmann - CESifo DICE Report, 2003 - cesifo.de
When candidates for democratic office run for election they are looking for funds to finance
their campaigns. These funds allow them to get the word out about their positions, and their
campaign advertisements inform voters about those positions. 1 Thus campaign ...
J Nye, I Rainer… - … Paper in Economics No. 10-11, 2010 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: To what extent do politicians reward voters who are members of their own ethnic or
racial group? Using data from large cities in the United States, we study how black
employment outcomes are affected by changes in the race of the cities' mayors between ...
T Stratmann… - American Journal of Political Science, 2002 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This paper examines the importance of electoral rules for legislators' behavior. It
uses a quasi-natural experiment that assigns whether legislators are elected under the" first-
pass-the-post"(FPTP), or the proportional representation (PR) electoral rule. The ...
T Stratmann - Democratic constitutional design and public policy: …, 2006 - gmu.edu
Traditionally, electoral systems fall into two categories: proportional and majoritarian
systems. Proportional systems tend to have multi-seat districts, party lists, and multiple
parties, while majoritarian systems tend to have geographically based single-seat districts, ...
[CITATION] Votes for Sale?
T Stratmann - … from Financial Service Legislation” Presented at the, 2000
[CITATION] Subnational Health Spending and Soft Budget Constraints in OECD Countries
E Crivelli, A Leive, T Stratmann… - 2010 - International Monetary Fund
T Stratmann - Election Law Journal, 2010 - online.liebertpub.com
WHETHER CAMPAIGN FINANCE reform improves the competitiveness of elections is a
vigorously debated issue. Some observers claim that limits on the size of contributions are
inherently biased in favor of incumbents. These scholars reason that campaign ...
[CITATION] Notes on the Evolution of the Congressional Committee System in the Twentieth Century
RS Kroszner… - 1997 - Working paper. Chicago: University …
[CITATION] The politics of Superfund
T Stratmann - … (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2000), 1998
J Klick… - FSU College of Law, Law and Economics …, 2005 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This study estimates the demand curve for prescription drugs among elderly
Medicare beneficiaries. In contrast to previous work, the current analysis uses a measure of
price rather than insurance status as the key explanatory variable to test for seniors' ...
M Makowsky… - The Amercian Economic Review, 2009 - mason.gmu.edu
Many anecdotes and jokes surround the imposition of speeding tickets. Some observers
suggest that sex and race help explain fines. Others claim that out-of-towners pay a premium
and that local government uses traffic fines as substitutes for collecting tax revenues. To ...
[CITATION] Forthcoming.“More Tickets, Fewer Accidents: How Cash-Strapped Towns Make for Safer Roads.”
M Makowsky… - Journal of Law and Economics
[CITATION] forthcoming.“Determinants of Traffic Citations: Political Economy at Any Speed.”
M Makowsky… - American Economic Review
Abstract: Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of injury and death in the US The
role of traffic law enforcement in the reduction of accidents has been studied by relatively
few papers and with mixed results that may be due to a simultaneity problem. Traffic law ...
T Stratmann… - Public Choice, 2007 - Springer
Abstract Campaign finance regulation is an important issue for democracies. Proponents of
stricter contribution limits believe it will improve competitiveness. Opponents argue that
contribution caps are just a mask for incumbency protection. This paper comments on ...
[CITATION] A Diagmatric Representation of Inequality
T Stratmann - Public Finance Quarterly, 1990
We present results from laboratory experimental elections in which voter information is
endogenously provided by candidates and voting is voluntary. We also compare
advertisements that are costless to voters with those that reduce voter payoffs. We find that ...
[CITATION] The Effects of Democratic Participation
D Mueller… - 2002 - Working Paper, University of Vienna
[CITATION] The Effects of Logrolling on Congressional Voting, 82AM
T Stratmann - ECON. REV, 1992
T Stratmann - University of Chicago-George G. Stigler …, 1994 - econpapers.repec.org
... EconPapers has moved to http://EconPapers.repec.org! Please update your bookmarks.
How Reelection Constituencies Matter. Thomas Stratmann (). ...
J Klick… - Daniel P. Kessler, William M. Sage, and David …, 2006 - 67.208.89.102
Abstract: If medical malpractice reform affects the supply of physicians, the effects will be
concentrated in specialties facing high liability exposure. Many doctors are likely indifferent
regarding reform, as their likelihood of being sued is low. This difference can be exploited ...
S Neelsen… - Social Science & Medicine, 2011 - Elsevier
In this paper we estimate long-run effects of fetal exposure to the 1918/19 influenza
pandemic for a European country. Using data from the 1970 Swiss census, we find that the
male 1919 cohort that had a strongly increased likelihood of fetal exposure to the ...
T Stratmann - 2009 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of contribution limits in campaign finance
systems on the competitiveness of elections. Theoretically, contribution limits can have
different and potentially opposite effects in an election: one effect could be that limits ...
J Klick… - Eastern Economic Journal, 2008 - palgrave-journals.com
Abstract The health benefits of spas have been hypothesized for centuries. If this hypothesis
is correct, spa therapy offers a low cost alternative to more expensive and potentially more
invasive medical treatments for ailments such as back pain and arthritis. We use individual ...
T Stratmann - … Policy Program, Spectrum Series Working Paper, 2005 - newamerica.net
Executive Summary Over the past thirty years, by many measures, US student educational
performance has not improved. Some measures of educational achievement have actually
decreased. This development is coupled with a dramatic decline in the productivity of ...
Abstract: We present results from laboratory experimental elections in which voter
information is endogenously provided by candidates and voting is voluntary. We also
compare advertisements that are costless to voters with those that reduce voter payoffs. ...
T Stratmann - Unpublished manuscript, 2010 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Both academic and popular sources claim that incumbent legislators use
government spending-“pork barrel” spending-to win over voters. To date, however, evidence
for this hypothesis is scarce. Using recently available data on the sponsorship of earmarks ...
T Stratmann - 1990 - en.scientificcommons.org
Publikationsansicht. 4549306. Behavior of congressmen and political action committees
:--detection of causal effects of money on votes and of strategies of contributors /--by Thomas
Stratmann. (1990). Stratmann, Thomas. Abstract. Thesis (Ph. ...
[CITATION] Do black mayors improve black employment outcomes
JVC Nye, I Rainer… - 2010 - SSRN working paper
J Klick, S Neelsen… - Ifo Working Paper Series, 2009 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Most industrialized countries have increased access to abortion over the past 30
years. Economic theory predicts that abortion laws affect sexual behavior since they change
the marginal cost of having risky sex. We use gonorrhea incidence as a metric of risky ...
[CITATION] The Effectiveness of Money in Politics: Ballot Measures, Candidate Elections and Roll Call Votes
T Stratmann - 2004 - Working paper, George Mason …
T Stratmann… - 2002 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: The risk of an unwanted pregnancy represents one of the major costs of sexual
activity. When abortion was legalized in a number of states during the late 1960s and early
1970s (and nationally with the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade), this cost was ...
D Houser, S Ludwig… - 2009 - socialpolitik.ovgu.de
Abstract We consider two-candidate elections in which voters are uncertain about
candidates' qualities and candidates can inform voters of their quality by sending
advertisements. We compare campaigns where advertising must be true to campaigns ...
JW Verret… - 2011 - works.bepress.com
Abstract The field of corporate governance has long considered the costs of the separation
of ownership from control in publicly traded corporations and the regulatory and market
structures designed to limit those costs. The debate over the efficiency of regulations ...
D Houser, S Ludwig… - 2009 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: We examine the effect of deceptive advertising on voting decisions in elections. We
model two-candidate elections in which 1) voters are uncertain about candidates' attributes;
and 2) candidates can inform voters of their attributes by sending advertisements. We ...
T Stratmann… - 2010 - ppe.mercatus.org
Abstract One rationale for government spending is the provision of public goods and
services, mitigating externalities, and correcting other market failures. But government
spending is often driven by other factors, such as interest group pressure, voters' desires ...
T Stratmann… - 2010 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Until recently, federal regulations exempted options market makers that engage in
bona fide market making from short sale delivery and settlement requirements. In this paper
we examine the consequences of this exception for trading behavior. Specifically, we test ...
S Neelsen… - 2012 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This chapter examines education and labor market outcomes for cohorts with early-
life exposure to the Greek 1941-42 famine. Given the short duration of the famine, we can
separately identify effects for cohorts exposed as fetuses, infants and one-year-olds. Our ...
Abstract: Immigration control-related audits and their resulting sanctions are not solely
determined by impartial enforcement of laws and regulations. They are also determined by
the incentives faced by vote-maximizing congressmen, agents acting on their behalf, and ...
KJ Mitchener, M Weidenmier, JG Montalvo… - The Economic …, 2008 - res.org.uk
We employ a new database of over 21,000 bilateral trade observations from 1870–1913 to
assess the contemporaneous effects of empire on trade. Our analysis shows that belonging
to an empire roughly doubled trade relative to those countries that were not part of an ...
F Policy, B Akitoby… - The Economic Journal, 2008 - res.org.uk
We examine the effect of fiscal policy on sovereign risk spreads and investigate whether the
interaction of fiscal variables with political institutions affect financial markets. Using panel
data from emerging market countries, we find that revenue-based adjustment lowers ...
[CITATION] The Options Market Maker Exception to SEC Regulation SHO
T Stratmann… - 2012
T Stratmann - Regional Economic Development, 2007 - econpapers.repec.org
... EconPapers has moved to http://EconPapers.repec.org! Please update your bookmarks.
Mandatory and affordable health insurance: commentary. Thomas Stratmann (). Regional
Economic Development, 2007, issue Oct, pages 29-31. ...
W Ochel, O Röhn, A Rohwer… - CESifo DICE Report, 2008 - ifo.de
In a globalised world structural change is essential if countries want to preserve their
competitive edge and reduce their unemployment. A major obstacle to structural change is
employment protection. According to the OECD, the summary indicator of the strictness of ...
T Stratmann - 2009 - escholarship.org
ABSTRACT Most industrialized countries have increased access to abortion over the past
30 years. Economic theory predicts that abortion laws affect sexual behavior since they
change the marginal cost of having risky sex. We use gonorrhea incidence as a metric of ...
B Akitoby… - Sovereign Debt, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Given the importance of sovereign debt, successful national governance de-pends on the
proper management of this source of finance. The ability to repay a sovereign's obligation
depends on the fiscal management of the state, and part of that successful management is ...
S Neelsen… - GMU Working Paper in Economics No. …, 2011 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: In this paper we estimate the long-run effects of prenatal exposure to the 1918/19
influenza wave for a European country. Using data from the 1970 Swiss census and
comparing cohort outcomes, we find that the male Swiss-born cohort with in utero ...
T Stratmann - The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, 2003 - Springer
As a great deal of work has been done in the area of campaign finance, I have chosen to
focus on four areas in this essay. They are 1) the effect of contributions on congressional
votes, 2) inferences from contribution patterns about the structure of the US Congress or ...
T Stratmann, E Crivelli… - 2010 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Government spending on health has grown as a percent of GDP over the last 40
years in industrialized countries. Widespread decentralization of healthcare systems has
often accompanied this increase in spending. In this paper, we explore the effect of soft ...
[CITATION] Erratum to “Effects of prenatal and early life malnutrition: Evidence from the Greek famine”[J. Health Econ. 30 (2011) 479–488]
S Neelsen… - Journal of Health Economics, 2011 - Elsevier
According to standard microeconomic theory, taxes involve both direct and indirect costs.
Consumers bear direct costs in the form of higher after-tax prices while producers bear direct
costs in the form of lower pretax prices. Both consumers and producers bear indirect costs ...
T Stratmann… - American Law & Economics …, 2008 - law.bepress.com
Can speeding tickets be solely explained with the driver's speed, or do they serve as a
supplement for local revenue and reflect officer preferences? It is not uncommon for drivers,
especially those from out of town, to question the motivations of police officers and what ...
T Stratmann - 2003 - ifo.de
Abstract Campaign expenditures are not effective in increasing candidates' vote shares if
voters do not respond to the advertisement when they believe that campaign expenditures
are financed with “tainted money.” In this situation, limiting contributions may reduce the ...
T Stratmann… - works.bepress.com
Abstract: The field of corporate governance has long considered the costs of the separation
of ownership from control in publicly traded corporations and the regulatory and market
structures designed to limit those costs. The debate over the efficiency of regulations ...
[CITATION] Acknowledgements Acknowledgements (p. iii)
EL Glaeser, B Sacerdote, AD Tabbach… - The Journal of Legal …, 2003 - JSTOR
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