K Saggi - The World Bank Research Observer, 2002 - World Bank
Abstract What role does trade play in international technology transfer? Do technologies
introduced by multinational firms diffuse to local firms? What kinds of policies have proved
successful in encouraging technology absorption from abroad and why? Using these ...
AJ Glass… - Journal of development economics, 1998 - Elsevier
We build a quality ladders product cycle model that explores how the quality of technology
transferred through foreign direct investment (FDI) is linked to innovation and imitation when
the absorptive capacity of LDCs is limited. Successful imitation of low quality levels makes ...
AJ Glass… - Journal of International Economics, 2002 - Elsevier
This paper develops a product cycle model with endogenous innovation, imitation, and
foreign direct investment (FDI). We use this model to determine how stronger intellectual
property rights (IPR) protection in the South affects innovation, imitation and FDI. We find ...
AJ Glass… - The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2002 - Wiley Online Library
We construct an oligopoly model in which a multinational firm has a superior technology
compared to local firms. Workers employed by the multinational acquire knowledge of its
superior technology. The multinational may pay a wage premium to prevent local firms ...
H Pack… - The World Bank Research Observer, 2006 - World Bank
Abstract What are the underlying rationales for industrial policy? Does empirical evidence
support the use of industrial policy for correcting market failures that plague the process of
industrialization? This article addresses these questions through a critical survey of the ...
AJ Glass… - European Economic Review, 2001 - Elsevier
We investigate the effects of increased outsourcing of production to a low wage country.
Such international outsourcing lowers the marginal cost of production and thus increases
profits, creating greater incentives for innovation. A reduction in the resource requirement ...
BM Hoekman, KE Maskus… - World Development, 2005 - Elsevier
This paper analyzes national and international policy options to encourage the international
transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in
products, trade in knowledge and technology, foreign direct investment, and intranational ...
H Pack… - Journal of Development Economics, 2001 - Elsevier
To analyze the effect of vertical technology transfer on industrial development in lesser
developed countries (LDCs), we develop a model in which the technology transferred to an
LDC supplier by a developed country (DC) importer can diffuse to other LDC firms. ...
H Pack… - Review of development economics, 1997 - Wiley Online Library
This paper explores the effects of inflows of foreign technology on technological
development in developing countries. It evaluates the existing literature exploring this issue
and indicates directions for further research. In particular, it is argued that the implications ...
P Lin… - European Economic Review, 2002 - Elsevier
We investigate the relationship between process and product R&D and compare the
incentives for both types of R&D under different modes of market competition (Bertrand
versus Cournot). It is shown that:(i) process R&D investments increase with the degree of ...
A Mattoo, M Olarreaga… - Journal of Development Economics, 2004 - Elsevier
Foreign direct investment (FDI) can take place either through the direct entry of foreign firms
or the acquisition of existing domestic firms. The preferences of a foreign firm and a welfare-
maximizing host country government over these two modes of FDI are examined in the ...
BM Hoekman… - 1999 - books.google.com
The value of sales by foreign affiliates of multinational firms now exceeds global exports of
goods and services (UNCTAD, 1996). The observed growth in foreign direct investment
(FDI) is a consequence of many changes in the world economy. Falling costs of ...
A Glass… - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper …, 1999 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: A developing country may attract foreign direct investment (FDI) for (1) technology
transfer that increases local firm profits or for (2) wage premiums that benefit workers. The
two never occur together but if the country can attract FDI, it is guaranteed either the ...
AJ Glass… - Journal of International Economics, 1999 - Elsevier
We examine the consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI) policies in a general
equilibrium setting with several oligopolistic industries. By shifting labor demand across
countries, FDI raises the wage in the host country and lowers the wage in the source ...
K Saggi - Review of International Economics, 1999 - Wiley Online Library
2. Abstract In a two-period duopoly model, this paper considers a foreign firm's choice
between licensing and FDI and studies the relative impact of these modes of technology
transfer on the incentives for innovation of that firm and its domestic rival. Relative to ...
A Jocelyn Glass… - Journal of International Economics, 2002 - Elsevier
We develop a symmetric two country model of foreign direct investment (FDI) that captures
the internalization decision and its implications for both the rate and magnitude of
innovations. When mode choice (licensing versus FDI) is fixed, a subsidy to multinational ...
K Saggi - Review of International Economics, 1996 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract We compare foreign direct investment (FDI) and technology licensing as two modes
of entry into a foreign market. While direct entry via FDI dissipates rents in the host country,
opportunistic competition from a licensee may erode rents in the entrant's other markets. ...
L Branstetter, R Fisman, CF Foley… - 2007 - nber.org
This paper theoretically and empirically analyzes the effect of strengthening intellectual
property rights in developing countries on the level and composition of industrial
development. We develop a North-South product cycle model in which Northern ...
AJ Glass… - Canadian journal of Economics, 1999 - JSTOR
We find that the role FDI plays in international technology transfer (ITT) hinges on whether
substitute channels of ITT--such as imitation--exist for the host country. If FDI is the sole
channel of ITT, a faster flow of FDI to the South increases the rates of innovation, imitation, ...
K Saggi - International Economic Review, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
Are preferential trade agreements (PTAs) building or stumbling blocks for multilateral trade
liberalization? I address this question in an infinitely repeated tariff game between three
countries engaged in intraindustry trade under oligopoly. The central result is that when ...
BKS Javorcik, K Saggi, M Spatareanu… - 2004 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Javorcik, Saggi, and Spatareanu use a firm-level panel data set from Romania to
examine whether the nationality of foreign investors affects the degree of vertical spillovers
from foreign direct investment. Investors' country of origin may matter for spillovers to ...
P Lin… - Canadian Journal of Economics, 1999 - JSTOR
We study the symmetric mixed strategy equilibrium of a dynamic model where at each
instant two exporting firms choose their probability of foreign direct investment (FDI). The first
firm's FDI generates cost-lowering spillovers for the second and leads to local imitation, ...
K Saggi, KE Maskus… - 2005 - sristi.org
A central concern among policymakers is to understand how the shift toward stronger
protection of intellectual property may affect access of developing countries to advanced
proprietary technologies from firms in developed countries. Developing countries, ...
H Konishi, K Saggi… - Journal of International Economics, 1999 - Elsevier
Using Bernheim and Whinston (1986) common agency game, we endogenize trade policy
in a duopoly composed of a domestic firm and a foreign firm, where both firms influence the
domestic government's trade policy via their contributions. The foreign firm can jump over ...
P Lin… - Journal of International Economics, 2007 - Elsevier
How does the nature of contractual relationships between a multinational and its local
suppliers affect backward linkages and welfare in the local industry? We address this
question in a two-tier oligopoly model where a multinational transfers technology to its ...
B Hoekman… - Journal of Economic Integration, 2000 - Sejong University
In this paper we evaluate the potential benefits of international disciplines on policies
towards foreign direct investment, paying particular attention to developing countries. We
conclude that, at present, the case for initiating negotiations on investment policies is ...
K Saggi - Journal of International Economics, 2004 - Elsevier
In an n country oligopoly model of intraindustry trade (n≥ 3), this paper explores the
economics of the most-favored-nation (MFN) principle. Under the non-cooperative tariff
equilibrium, each country imposes higher tariffs on low cost producers relative to high cost ...
K Saggi… - Journal of International Economics, 2010 - Elsevier
We develop an equilibrium theory of trade agreements in which both the degree and the
nature (bilateral or multilateral) of trade liberalization are endogenously determined. To
determine whether and how bilateralism matters, we also analyze a scenario where ...
H Pack… - 1999 - books.google.com
Abstract Industrial country purchasers of exports from industrial firms in developing countries
have often provided considerable technical aid to firms in developing countries. Questions
arise as to the benefits to both the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and ...
K Saggi - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2349, 1999 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: How much a developing country can take advantage of technology transfer from
foreign direct investment depends partly on how well educated and well trained its workforce
is, how much it is willing to invest in research and development, and how much protection ...
P Lin… - Review of Development Economics, 2004 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract In a model of a joint venture between a local and a foreign firm who provide
complementary inputs, this paper derives optimal ownership structures under different
sharing rules. The local firm's profits may be maximized by assigning a majority share to ...
K Saggi… - Review of International Economics, 2011 - Wiley Online Library
We studied how the pursuit of bilateral free-trade agreements (FTAs) affects the likelihood of
achieving multilateral free trade. We derive and compare the stable Nash equilibria of two
games of trade liberalization: in the FTA game, each country can either form an FTA with ...
K Saggi… - Review of International Economics, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract In a three-country model, this paper investigates linkages between merger
incentives of exporting firms and the trade policy of an importing country. When exporting
firms come from only one country, the tariff response of the importing country reverses the ...
A Glass… - 1998 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This paper develops a product cycle model with endogenous and costly
innovation, imitation, and foreign direct investment (FDI) to address the concerns of
developing nations that stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection would force ...
K Saggi… - European Economic Review, 2002 - Elsevier
We examine oligopolistic markets with both intrabrand and interbrand competition. We
characterize equilibrium contracts involving a royalty (or wholesale price) and a fee when
each upstream firm contracts with multiple downstream firms. Royalties control ...
BS Javorcik… - World Bank Policy Research Working …, 2003 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: How does the preferred entry mode of foreign investors depend upon their
technological capability relative to that of their rivals? This paper develops a simple duopoly
model of mode choice and evaluates its main testable implication using data on foreign ...
B Hoekman… - 2004 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: International cooperation is generally driven by a desire to offset a negative
spillover imposed by other countries or to help governments to overcome domestic political
economy constraints that impede the adoption of welfare enhancing policy changes. In ...
B Hoekman… - Journal of Development Economics, 2007 - Elsevier
Despite the negative international externalities that they generate, export cartels are legal in
many countries. We use a repeated game approach to analyze cooperation between a low-
income country (LIC) and its high-income country (HIC) trade partner where the HIC ...
[CITATION] Backward Linkages under Foreign Direct Investment
K Saggi - 2002 - mimeo, Southern Methodist …
M Klimenko… - Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue …, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract. We examine the preferences of a foreign firm and a local government over two
modes of foreign direct investment: de novo entry and acquisition of the domestic incumbent.
Two crucial features of the model are network externalities and partial incompatibility ...
[CITATION] Multilateral disciplines and national investment policies
B Hoekman… - Development, Trade, and the …, 2002 - World Bank, Washington DC
K Saggi - Journal of Transnational Management Development, 1998 - books.google.com
SUMMARY. This paper constructs a two period model to examine a firm's choice between
exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the face of demand uncertainty. FDI involves
higher fixed costs, some of which are sunk, whereas exporting involves a higher marginal ...
K Saggi - Global integration and technology transfer, 2006 - books.google.com
Intrafirm trade (trade between subsidiaries and headquarters of multinational firms) may
account for one-third of total world trade today; sales of subsidiaries of multinational firms
now exceed worldwide exports of goods and services (UNCTAD 2003). Thus foreign ...
K Saggi - 2004 - books.google.com
Bridging the technology gap is an issue faced by most countries, but in developing countries
the issue is doubly critical. Not only do they lag further behind relative to other countries but
they also face more stringent resource constraints. This title provides a through overview ...
[CITATION] Technological asymmetry and the mode of foreign investment
BS Javorcik… - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2004
BS Javorcik, K Saggi… - World Bank Policy Research …, 2004 - cepr.org
Abstract: This study uses a firm-level panel data set from Romania to examine whether the
nationality of foreign investors affects the degree of vertical spillovers from foreign direct
investment. Investors' country of origin may matter for spillovers to domestic producers in ...
[CITATION] From TRIMs to a WTO agreement on investment?
B Hoekman… - Developing Countries and the WTO: A Pro-active …, 2001
L Branstetter… - 2009 - nber.org
This paper develops a North-South product model in which Southern imitation and the North-
South flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) are endogenously determined. In the model, a
strengthening of IPR protection in the South reduces the rate of imitation, which, in turn, ...
P Lin… - Journal of Economics, 2002 - Springer
This paper constructs a model where two firms simultaneously choose their time of entry into
a market. Under sequential entry, the second entrant is assumed to face a lower entry cost
because of positive externalities from the first firm's entry. The model generates sequential ...
A Mattoo, M Olarreaga… - 2001 - elibrary.worldbank.org
Abstract: December 2001When technology transfer is costly, a foreign firm and host country
government may differ in their preferences over direct entry and acquisition. Government
intervention could help induce the socially preferred choice. Foreign direct investment can ...
N Limão… - Journal of International Economics, 2008 - Elsevier
We analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the WTO's current dispute
settlement system that permits injured member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs. We
show that, ex-post, monetary fines are more efficient than tariffs in terms of granting ...
[CITATION] International technology transfer and economic development
K Saggi - Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook …, 2002
[CITATION] Multinational firms and backward linkages: a survey and a simple model
P Lin… - … , Lingnan University and Southern Methodist University, 2004
K Saggi… - International Economic Review, 2008 - Wiley Online Library
Saggi, K. and Sara, N.(2008), NATIONAL TREATMENT AT THE WTO: THE ROLES OF
PRODUCT AND COUNTRY HETEROGENEITY. International Economic Review, 49: 1365–
1394. doi: 10.1111/j. 1468-2354.2008. 00515. x
L Branstetter, R Fisman, CF Foley… - Journal of International …, 2011 - Elsevier
An extensive theoretical literature generates ambiguous predictions concerning the effects
of intellectual property rights (IPR) reform on industrial development. The impact depends on
whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) expand production in reforming countries and ...
BS Javorcik… - Economic Inquiry, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
How does the preferred entry mode of foreign investors depend on their technological
capability relative to that of their rivals? This article develops a simple model of entry mode
choice and evaluates its main testable implication using data on foreign investors in ...
K Saggi… - Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract. We conduct a welfare comparison of MFN and tariff discrimination in an oligopoly
model of trade between two exporting countries and one importing country. While MFN
dominates tariff discrimination from a world welfare perspective when exporting countries ...
[CITATION] «Is there a Case for Industrial Policy
H Pack… - A Critical Survey, 2006
P Lin… - 2010 - dspace.cigilibrary.org
" This paper develops a two-tier oligopoly model in which the entry of a multinational firm
results in technology transfer to its local suppliers and also impacts the degree of backward
linkages in the local industry. The model endogenizes the multinational's choice between ...
[CITATION] On technology transfer from trade and foreign direct investment
K Saggi - Research Observer, 2002
[CITATION] Vertical Technology Transfer, Diffusion, and Competition
H Pack… - Previous version issued as World Bank Policy …, 1999
B Hoekman… - 2003 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Motivated by discussions in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on multilateral
disciplines with respect to competition law, we develop a two-country model that explores
the incentives of a less-developed country (LDC) to offer increased market access (via a ...
B Hoekman… - Topics in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2003 - degruyter.com
International trade agreements increasingly constrain the ability of governments to use trade
policies. Fewer international constraints apply to the use of investment policies, although
there is discussion about negotiating such disciplines both regionally and multilaterally. ...
K Saggi… - Economics Letters, 2000 - Elsevier
Leasing has been viewed as a possible solution to the “durable goods monopoly” problem, since
it allows the monopolist to maintain ownership of the units, making the “promise” to not overproduce
in future periods credible (see Bulow, 1982). 1 In reality, durable goods markets are ...
K Saggi - Journal of Development Economics, 2009 - Elsevier
This paper analyzes MFN in a “competing exporters” model of trade between three countries
with unequal endowments and shows that MFN yields higher aggregate welfare than tariff
discrimination even as it makes low income countries worse off. Furthermore, in a ...
[CITATION] Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries: Objectives, Instruments and Options for the WTO
B Hoekman, C Michalopoulos, LA Winters… - Trade Department, The …, 2003
K Saggi… - Manuscript, Southern Methodist …, 2002 - econometricsociety.org
Abstract This paper investigates the link between merger incentives of firms in two exporting
countries and the trade policy of an importing country. Exporting firms sell differentiated
goods and compete in prices. Mergers are profitable but they have a strong free rider ...
K Saggi, A Woodland… - Working Papers, 2010 - staff.cbs.dk
Abstract This paper analyzes a game of trade policy (called Bilateralism) between three
countries in which each country chooses whether to liberalize trade preferentially in the form
of a Customs Union (CU), multilaterally, or not at all. We also analyze a restricted version ...
K Saggi… - 2005 - digitalcommons.ryerson.ca
Abstract In a three country model with endogenous tariffs, this paper evaluates and contrasts
the welfare effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs)—the two most
commonly occurring preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We show that if the external ...
[CITATION] Technological Asymmetry Among Foreign Investors and Mode of Entry
K Saggi, BKS Javorcik… - 2004 - World Bank, Development Research …
[CITATION] Backward linkages under foreign direct investment
P Lin… - 2003 - Mimeo
[CITATION] Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International technology Transfer: A Survey, issued as WT
K Saggi - 2000 - WGTI/W/88, dated 19 September …
[CITATION] International Technology Transfer: National Policies, International Negotiations, and Multilateral Disciplines
K Saggi - Report for the Commonwealth Secretariat. London: …, 2003
AJ Glass… - Review of World Economics, 2005 - Springer
Abstract This paper examines a setting where foreign direct investment (FDI) shifts demand
for an intermediate good from the source to the host country. A domestic and a foreign firm
choose between exports or FDI, always sourcing the intermediate locally. We show that by ...
K Saggi - 2007 - ictsd.org
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines 'essential medicines' as those drugs and
medicines that are necessary to satisfy the healthcare needs of the majority of the world's
population and therefore ought to be available to all individuals, in adequate dosage, and ...
B Hoekman… - 2002 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: International agreements increasingly constrain the ability of governments to use
trade policies whereas few constraints apply to the use of investment policies. Using a
model in which a local and a foreign firm compete in the domestic market, we analyse ...
N Limão… - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper …, 2006 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: The authors analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current
system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries
to impose retaliatory tariffs in response to trade violations committed by other members. ...
A Glass… - 2000 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: We study the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) policies when source firms
locate some production in two host countries. By reducing its tax on multinational production,
a host country can attract additional FDI, some of which is diverted from other host ...
K Saggi, KE Maskus, BM Hoekman… - 2004 - elibrary.worldbank.org
Hoekman, Maskus, and Saggi analyze national and international policy options to
encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major
channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, foreign direct investment, ...
K Saggi - International Finance Corporation, 2002 - fdi.net
Abstract This paper examines two types of technology transfer by a multinational firm (MNC).
In the case of horizontal technology transfer, the MNC's incentive for technology transfer is
higher under a joint venture than under direct entry if and only if it owns a substantial ...
S Roy… - Work& ing Paper. Department of Economics, …, 2011 - vanderbilt.edu
Abstract This paper shows that parallel import policy can act as an instrument of strategic
trade policy. We demonstrate this result in two&country international duopoly where a
domestic monopolist competes with a rival firm in the foreign market if it chooses to incur ...
[CITATION] Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Unilateral and Multilateral Policy Options, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3332
B Hoekman, KE Maskus… - 2004 - S
[CITATION] On the In—ternational Linkages between Trade and Merger Policies mimeo
K Saggi… - 2002
[CITATION] qMultinational Firms and Backward Linkages: A Critical Survey and a Simple Model. rin M. Blomstrom, E. Graham, and T. Moran, eds., Does Foreign Direct …
P Lin… - Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, 2005
[CITATION] June 2001.“Mode of Foreign Entry, Technology Transfer, and FDI Policy.”
A Mattoo, M Olarreaga… - CEPR Discussion Paper
S Roy… - Journal of International Economics, 2012 - Elsevier
Abstract In a North–South vertically differentiated duopoly we analyze (i) the effects of
parallel import (PI) policies on price competition and (ii) the interdependence of national PI
policies. Prices can be higher in the North if both countries permit PIs relative to when only ...
AJ Glass… - The political economy of trade, aid and …, 2004 - books.google.com
Abstract To examine the effects of international investment agreements, suppose firms from
two source countries invest in a host country. An increase in the tax faced by firms from one
source decreases foreign direct investment (FDI) from that source and increases FDI from ...
[CITATION] Technological Asymmetry and the Mode of Foreign Investment
JB Smarzynska… - 2002 - Mimeo, the World Bank, Washington, …
[CITATION] The case for industrial policy: a critical survey
K Saggi… - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2006
[CITATION] 'Foreign Mode of Entry, Technology Transfer and FDI Policy'
A Mattoo, M Olarreaga… - Journal of Development Economics, 2001
[CITATION] Preferential trading arrangements and multilateral tariff cooperation
K Saggi - 2004 - Southern Methodist University …
[CITATION] Encouraging Technology Transfer to Developing Countries: Role of the WTO,” report for Commonwealth Secretariat
K Saggi - 2003
[CITATION] Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Technology Transfer. A Survey Department of Economics
K Saggi - Southern Methodist University
[CITATION] Technological Asymmetry among
BS Javorcik… - 2004
K Saggi… - Indian Growth and Development Review, 2009 - emeraldinsight.com
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and contrast the welfare effects of free
trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) on member and non-member countries
when tariffs of both members and non-members are endogenously determined. It also ...
A Glass, K Saggi, A Dutt… - International handbook of …, 2008 - econweb.tamu.edu
International technology transfer (ITT) refers to any process by which a party in one country
gains access to technical information of a foreign party and successfully absorbs it into its
production process. The importance of ITT for economic development is widely ...
[CITATION] Innovation Incentives and Wage Effects of Outsourcing
A Glass, K Saggi… - 1996 - Department of Economics. The Ohio …
A Glass… - 1999 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: Oligopolists from two source countries invest in a common host country to take
advantage of low costs. A selective subsidy to multinational production encourages foreign
direct investment (FDI) from the favored country but crowds out FDI from the other source. ...
K Saggi… - 2000 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: We examine oligopolistic markets with both intrabrand and interbrand competition.
We characterize equilibrium contracts involving a royalty (or wholesale price) and a fee
when each upstream firm contracts with multiple downstream firms. Royalties control ...
K Saggi, F Sengul… - International Review of Economics & …, 2007 - Elsevier
The most favored nation (MFN) clause is widely understood to be the central pillar of the
global multilateral trading system. Does the MFN principle of non-discrimination facilitate
multilateral cooperation? Using a repeated game approach, we address this question in ...
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