RJ Barro… - Journal of political Economy, 1992 - JSTOR
A key economic issue is whether poor countries or regions tend to grow faster than rich
ones: are there automatic forces that lead to convergence over time in the levels of per
capita income and product? We use the neoclassical growth model as a framework to ...
RJ Barro… - 1990 - nber.org
A key economic issue is whether poor countries or regions tend to grow faster than rich
ones: are there automatic forces that lead to convergence over time in levels of per capita
income and product? After considering predictions of closed-and open-economy ...
XX Sala-i-Martin - The American Economic Review, 1997 - JSTOR
Page 1. I Just Ran Two Million Regressions By XAVIER X. SALA-I-MARTIN * Following
the seminal work of Robert Barro (1991 ), the recent empirical literature on eco- nomic
growth has identified a substantial num- ber of variables ...
XX Sala-i-Martin - The Economic Journal, 1996 - JSTOR
Page 1. The Economic Journal, io6 (July), IOI9-I036. ? Royal Economic Society I996. Published
by Blackwell Publishers, io8 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 iJF, UK and 238 Main Street, Cambridge,
MA 02142, USA. THE CLASSICAL APPROACH TO CONVERGENCE ANALYS IS* ...
The empirical evidence reveals conditional convergence in the sense that economies grow
faster per capita if they start further below their steady-state positions. For a homogeneous
group of economies-like the US states, regions of western European countries, and the ...
XX Sala-i-Martin - European Economic Review, 1996 - Elsevier
X Sala-i-Martin, G Doppelhofer… - American Economic Review, 2004 - JSTOR
This paper examines the robustness of explanatory variables in cross-country economic
growth regressions. It introduces and employs a novel approach, Bayesian Averaging of
Classical Estimates (BACE), which constructs estimates by averaging OLS coefficients ...
N Roubini… - Journal of development economics, 1992 - Elsevier
Abstract This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relation between
policies of financial repression and long-term growth. We present a model of financial
repression, inflationary finance and endogenous growth. The model suggests that ...
CB Mulligan… - 1992 - nber.org
The steady state and transitional dynamics of two-sector models of endogenous growth are
analyzed in this paper. We describe necessary conditions for endogenous growth. The
conditions allow us to reduce the dynamics of the solution to a system with one state-like ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - 1991 - nber.org
The main goal of this paper is to estimate to what extent the federal government of the
United States insures member states against regional income shocks. We find that a one
dollar reduction in a region's per capita personal income triggers a decrease in federal ...
X Sala-i-Martin - 2002 - nber.org
We use aggregate GDP data and within-country income shares for the period 1970-1998 to
assign a level of income to each person in the world. We then estimate the gaussian kernel
density function for the worldwide distribution of income. We compute world poverty rates ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - 2003 - nber.org
Some natural resources--oil and minerals in particular--exert a negative and nonlinear
impact on growth via their deleterious impact on institutional quality. We show this result to
be very robust. The Nigerian experience provides telling confirmation of this aspect of ...
X Sala-i-Martin - The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2006 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract We estimate the World Distribution of Income by integrating individual income
distributions for 138 countries between 1970 and 2000. Country distributions are
constructed by combining national accounts GDP per capita to anchor the mean with ...
XX Sala-i-Martin - 1997 - nber.org
Page 1. I JUST RAN FOUR MILLION REGRESSIONS Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin Working Paper
6252 Page 2. NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES I JUST RAN FOUR MILLION REGRESSIONS
Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin Working Paper 6252 http ://www.nber. ...
CB Mulligan, X Sala-i-Martin… - 2003 - nber.org
Estimates of democracy's effect on the public sector are obtained from comparisons of 142
countries over the years 1960-90. Based on three tenets of voting theory--that voting mutes
policy preference intensity, political power is equally distributed in democracies, and the ...
N Roubini… - Journal of Monetary Economics, 1995 - Elsevier
This paper studies the relation between policies of financial repression, inflation rates, and
long-term growth. We set up a model which shows that governments might want to express
the financial sector because this sector is an 'easy'source of resources for the public ...
RJ Barro… - 1990 - nber.org
This study began with the challenge to explain why real interest rates were so high in the
1980s in the major industrialized countries. In order to address this challenge we expanded
the question to the determination of real interest rates over a longer sample, which turned ...
X Sala-i-Martin - 2002 - nber.org
We estimate the world distribution of income by integrating individual income distributions
for 125 countries between 1970 and 1998. We estimate poverty rates and headcounts by
integrating the density function below the $1/day and $2/day poverty lines. We find that ...
X Sala-i-Martin - European Economic Review, 1994 - Elsevier
This paper provides a short survey of the recent empirical growth literature based on cross-
sectional analysis. Unlike some other analysts, I argue that this literature has uncovered
interesting findings that should direct theoretical research in the future.
G Doppelhofer, RI Miller… - 2000 - nber.org
This paper examines the robustness of explanatory variables in cross-country economic
growth regressions. It employs a novel approach, Bayesian Averaging of Classical
Estimates (BACE), which constructs estimates as a weighted average of OLS estimates for ...
CB Mulligan… - Journal of Political Economy, 2000 - JSTOR
We argue that the relevant monetary decision for the majority of US households is not the
fraction of assets to be held in interest-bearing form, but whether to hold any such assets at
all (we call this “the decision to adopt” the financial technology). We show that the key ...
XX Sala-i-Martin - Journal of Economic Growth, 1996 - Springer
Page 1. Journal of Economic Growth, 1:277-304 (June, 1996) 9 1996 Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston. A Positive Theory of Social Security XAVIER X. SALA-I-MARTIN
Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven ...
EV Artadi… - 2003 - nber.org
The dismal growth performance of Africa is the worst economic tragedy of the XXth century.
We document the evolution of per capita GDP for the continent as a whole and for subset of
countries south of the Sahara desert. We document the worsening of various income ...
CB Mulligan… - 1999 - nber.org
Why are the old politically successful? We build a simple interest group model in which
political pressure is time-intensive, showing that in the political competitive equilibrium each
group lobbies for government policies that lower their own value of time but that the old do ...
X Sala-i-Martin - IMF Working Paper No. 96/40, 1996 - papers.ssrn.com
Abstract: This paper analyses the role of social safety nets in the form of redistributional
transfers and wage subsidies. It is argued that public welfare programs can be viewed as a
crime-preventing or disruption-preventing devices because they tend to increase the ...
CB Mulligan… - Japan and the World Economy, 1997 - Elsevier
We argue that a sensible measure of the aggregate value of human capital is the ratio of
total labor income per capita to the wage of a person with zero years of schooling. The
reason is that total labor income not only incorporates human capital but also physical ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - 2002 - ppge.ufrgs.br
Abstract Paul Romer's paper Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth, now 15 years old,
led to resurgence in the research on economic growth. Since then, growth literature has
expanded dramatically and has shifted the research focus of many generations of ...
CB Mulligan… - 1999 - nber.org
166 countries have some kind of public old age pension. What economic forces create and
sustain old age Social Security as a public program? We document some of the
internationally and historically common features of Social Security programs including ...
WH Dow, TJ Philipson… - American Economic Review, 1999 - JSTOR
Many of the high-expenditure health programs established by international organizations or
national and subnational governments involve disease-specific interventions, such as
measles vaccinations, HIV education programs, mammogram screening, malaria ...
X Sala-i-Martin - 1990 - nber.org
This paper explores the five simplest models of endogenous growth. We start with the AK
model (Rebelo (1990)) and argue that all endogenous growth models can be viewed as
variations or microfoundations of it. We then examine the Barro (1990) model of ...
CB Mulligan… - Journal of Economic Growth, 2000 - Springer
Weconstruct a set of human capital indexes for the states of theUnited States for each
census year starting in 1940. To do so, we propose a new methodology for the construction
of index numbersin panel data sets. Our method is based on an optimal approachby ...
CB Mulligan… - 1999 - nber.org
166 countries have some kind of public old age pension. What economic forces create and
sustain old age Social Security as a public program? Mulligan and Sala-i-Martin (1999)
document several of the internationally and historically common features of social security ...
X Sala-i-Martin, J Blanke, MD Hanouz… - The global …, 2007 - ctc-health.org.cn
The World Economic Forum has been studying the competitiveness of nations for nearly
three decades. Since 1979, annual Global Competitiveness Reports have examined the
factors enabling national economies to achieve sustained economic growth and long-term ...
CB Mulligan… - 1995 - nber.org
In this paper we construct a set of human capital indexes for the states of the United States
for each Census year starting in 1940. In order to do so, we propose a new methodology for
the construction of index numbers in panel data sets. Our method is based on an optimal ...
CB Mulligan… - 1997 - nber.org
Page 1. NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE OPTIMUM QUANTITY OF MONEY:
THEORY AND EVIDENCE Casey B. Mulligan Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin Working Paper
5954 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH ...
CB Mulligan… - 1995 - nber.org
We argue that a sensible measure of the aggregate value of human capital is the ratio of
total labor income per capita to the wage of a person with zero years of schooling. The
reason for that is that total labor income not only incorporates human capital, but also ...
CB Mulligan, X Sala-i-Martin,
NG Mankiw… - Brookings Papers on …, 1992 - JSTOR
THE SPECIFICATION of the money demand function has important implications for a
number of macroeconomic issues. First, if policymakers are to be responsible for achieving
price stability, they need reliable quantitative estimates of money demand.'In particular, if ...
CB Mulligan… - 1996 - nber.org
In this paper we argue that the relevant decision for the majority of US households is not the
fraction of assets to be held in interest bearing form, but whether to hold any of such assets
at all (we call thisthe decision to adopt'the financial technology). We show that the key ...
CB Mulligan, R Gil… - 2002 - nber.org
Many political economic theories use and emphasize the process of voting in their
explanation of the growth of Social Security, government spending, and other public
policies. But is there an empirical connection between democracy and Social Security ...
X Sala-i-Martin - 1990 - nber.org
This is a survey of the literature on Economic Growth. In the introduction we analyze the
main differences between exogenous and endogenous growth models using fixed savings
rate analysis. We argue that in order to have endogenous growth there must be constant ...
[CITATION] Federal fiscal policy and optimum currency areas
J Sachs… - unpublished, Harvard University, 1989
X Sala-i-Martın - Health and economic growth: Findings and …, 2005 - books.google.com
Page 108. 4 On the Health-Poverty Trap Xavier Sala-i-Martın It's not terrorism. Nor
it is global warming. The biggest problem, the largest human tragedy in the world
today is the health debacle suf- fered by the citizens of Africa. ...
[CITATION] Economic Growth, 1995
RJ Barro… - New York etc, 1995
[CITATION] Economic growth theory
RJ Barro… - Economic Growth Theory, 1995 - MIT Press
X Sala-i-Martin - 1992 - nber.org
In this paper I develop a positive theory of intergenerational transfers. I argue that transfers
are a means to induce retirement. that is, to buy the elderly out of the labor force. The reason
why societies choose to do such a thing is that aggregate output is higher if the elderly do ...
J Blanke, F Paua… - Chapter. in Global …, 2004 - members.weforum.org
Few things matter more for the welfare of a country's citizens than the aggregate growth rate
of the economy. For rich countries, positive growth rates tend to mean higher wages, larger
profits, more employment, and expanded business opportunities. For poor countries, ...
X Sala-i-Martin - NBER macroeconomics annual, 1991 - JSTOR
It is widely accepted in the economic growth literature that microeconomic distortions can
affect the long-run rate of economic growth. There are models (and empirical papers) on the
role of the trade regime, financial development and financial repression, education, ...
X Sala-i-Martin, EV Artadi… - 2003 - Citeseer
Abstract: This paper analyses the economic growth performance in the Arab world over the
last forty years. The Arab world has managed to reduce poverty performance despite its
relatively disappointing growth performance. We relate this poor performance of both oil ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - Working Papers, 1995 - econpapers.repec.org
Related works: Working Paper: Technological diffusion, convergence and growth (1995) Working
Paper: Technological Diffusion, Convergence, and Growth (1995) Working Paper: Technological
Diffusion, Convergence and Growth (1995) Journal Article: Technological Diffusion, ...
[CITATION] The Disturbing 'Rise'of World Income Inequality
X Sala-i-Martin - NBER Working paper, 2002
[CITATION] Economic growth, advanced series in economics
RJ Barro… - Economic Growth: Advanced Series in …, 1995 - McGraw-Hill
X Sala-i-Martin… - 2004 - books.google.com
The annual Global Competitiveness Report is widely recognized as the world's leading
cross-country comparison of data and information relating to economic competitiveness and
growth. Over the years, the Report has become the most authoritative and comprehensive ...
CB Mulligan… - Advances in Economic Analysis …, 2010 - works.bepress.com
Abstract What does the international history of old-age Social Security program design say
about the forces creating and sustaining it as a public program? First, because many
program features are internationally common, and/or explained by country characteristics, ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - 2010 - nber.org
The conventional wisdom that Africa is not reducing poverty is wrong. Using the
methodology of Pinkovskiy and Sala-i-Martin (2009), we estimate income distributions,
poverty rates, and inequality and welfare indices for African countries for the period 1970- ...
M Pinkovskiy… - 2009 - nber.org
We use a parametric method to estimate the income distribution for 191 countries between
1970 and 2006. We estimate the World Distribution of Income and estimate poverty rates,
poverty counts and various measures of income inequality and welfare. Using the official ...
CB Mulligan… - Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 2004 - nber.org
Government officials, regardless of their political persuasion, are increasingly serious about
Social Security reform. Politicians have long recognized that the success and longevity of
their policies depend on the economic and political environments in which they operate. ...
[CITATION] I just ran four million regressions
XS i Martin… - 1997 - National Bureau of Economic …
[CITATION] Economic growth, 2nd
RJ Barro… - 2003 - MIT Press
X Sala-i-Martin - Working Papers, 1992 - econpapers.repec.org
... EconPapers has moved to http://EconPapers.repec.org! Please update your
bookmarks. Public Welfare and Growth. Xavier Sala-i-Martin. ...
CB Mulligan… - 2003 - nber.org
We propose a positive theory that is consistent with two important features of social security
programs around the world:(1) they redistribute income from young to old and (2) they
induce retirement. We construct a voting model that includes a political campaign'or ...
X Sala-i-Martin - Economic Growth, Trends and Cycles, Central Bank of …, 2002 - bcentral.cl
Paul Romer's paper,“Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” is now fifteen years old.
This pathbreaking contribution led to a resurgence in research on economic growth. The
resulting literature has had a number of important impacts. In particular, it shifted the ...
[CITATION] Economic Growth, 2nd-ed
RJ Barro… - 2004 - MIT-Press
RJ Barro… - 1994 - nber.org
Technological progress takes the form of improvements in quality of an array of intermediate
inputs to production. In an equilibrium that is standard in the literature, all research is carried
out by outsiders, and success means that the outsider replaces the incumbent as the ...
X Sala-i-Martin, J Blanke, MD Hanouz… - … Report 2009–2010, 2009 - cincodias.com
The global economy continues to weather the most difficult climate in generations. What
began as a financial crisis in the United States and the United Kingdom quickly turned into
the largest global recession in decades. World GDP is expected to contract by a record 2.5 ...
WH Dow, J Holmes, T Philipson… - 1995 - nber.org
This paper provides a theoretical and empirical investigation of the positive
complementarities between disease-specific policies introduced by competing risks of
mortality. The incentive to invest in prevention against one cause of death depends ...
[CITATION] The relation between trade regime, financial development and economic growth
N Roubini, X Sala-i-Martin - NBER Fourth …, 1991 - National Bureau of Economic …
R Barro… - 2005 - cepr.org
Recent models ofendogenous growth'consider reasons why different countries grow at
different rates for extended periods, which may include the long-term effects of tax rates and
public expenditure levels. In Discussion Paper No. 630, Robert Barro and Research ...
M Pinkovskiy… - … manuscript, Massachussets Institute …, 2010 - diis.inforce.dk
Abstract: The conventional wisdom that Africa is not reducing poverty is wrong. Using the
methodology of Pinkovskiy and Sala-i-Martin (2009), we estimate income distributions,
poverty rates, and inequality and welfare indices for African countries for the period 1970- ...
RJ Barro… - Review of Economic Studies, 1992 - opengrey.eu
X Sala-i-Martin… - 2002 - g8.utoronto.ca
While the paper's data and methodology mean its results are not directly comparable with
World Bank numbers, it estimates that extreme poverty in the G20 fell from 380 million
people in 1970 to 40 million by 1998, and that the Gini coefficient of inequality across the ...
EV Artadi… - World Economic Forum, The …, 2004 - connect.docuter.com
There should be no doubt that the worst economic disaster of the 20th century is the dismal
growth performance of the African continent. The newly freed citizens had high hopes when
their countries became independent during the second half of the century, but most of ...
X Sala-i-Martin - The World Bank Economic Review, 2001 - JSTOR
William Brock and Steven Durlauf's article nicely summarizes some of the recent research
on Bayesian model averaging. They make a number of important points. One is that the
empirics of growth face three key problems: model uncertainty, parameter uncertainty, and ...
X Sala-i-Martin, J Blanke… - … Report 2010-2011, 2010 - members.weforum.org
The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011 is being released at a time when the global
economy continues to be characterized by significant uncertainty. Growth has resumed
following important injections, in many countries, of government stimulus spending aimed ...
[CITATION] Economic Growth, Cambridge
R Barro… - MA: MIT, 2004
CB Mulligan, R Gil… - The BE Journal of Economic …, 2010 - degruyter.com
Jump to ContentJump to Main Navigation: ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - 1994 - econ.upf.edu
References Aghion, P. and P. Howitt, (1992) "A Model of Growth through Creative
Destruction", Econometrica, LX, 323-51. Arrow, KJ, (1992) "The Economic Implications of Learning
by Doing", Review of Economic Studies, 24, June, 155-173. Backus, D., P. Kehoe, and T. ...
[CITATION] Comments on: Growth, macroeconomics and development
X Sala-i-Martin - NBER macroeconomics annual, 1991
[CITATION] Addressing the Curse of Natural Resources: An Illustration from Nigeria
X Sala-i-Martin… - NBER working paper, 2003
[CITATION] Empirical analysis of a cross section of countries
RJ Barro… - Economic Growth, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995
[CITATION] Retirement-Inducing Policy wears many disguises
CB Mulligan… - 1999 - Working Paper, University of …
[CITATION] Social Security in Theory and Practice (2): Efficiency Theories, Narrative Theories, and Implications for Reform
CB Mulligan, X Sala-i-Martin… - 1999
[CITATION] Comment on “European migration: Push and pull”, by Zimmerman
X Sala-i-Martin - Proceedings of the World bank Annual Conference on …, 1994
[CITATION] Economic Growth, Chapter 2
R Barro… - 2004 - MIT Press, Cambridge (Ma.)
A Subramanian… - NBER Working Paper Series, 2003 - recercat.net
Abstract: Some natural resources oil and minerals in particular exert a negative and
nonlinear impact on growth via their deleterious impact on institutional quality. We show this
result to be very robust. The Nigerian experience provides telling confirmation of this ...
[CITATION] Economic Growth: MIT Press
RJ Barro… - Cambridge, Massachusettes, 2004
[CITATION] Public finance in the theory of economic growth
R Barro… - Unpublished manuscript, 1990
[CITATION] Economic Growth, Nueva York
RJ Barro… - 1995 - McGraw Hill
[CITATION] I have just run four million regressions
XX Sala-i-Martin - … Economic Department, Columbia University, New York, 1997
X Sala-i-Martin - CEPR Discussion Papers, 1994 - ideas.repec.org
Social Security programmes around the world link public pensions to retirement: people do
not lose their pensions if they make a million dollars a year in the stock market, but they do
confront marginal tax rates of up to 100% if they choose to work. After arguing that most ...
[CITATION] The Economic Tragedy of the 20th Century: Growth in Africa
AV Elsa… - NBER Working Paper, 2003
[CITATION] Leisure, Single-Mindedness, and Politics
CB Mulligan… - 1999 - Working paper, Universitat Pompeu …
[CITATION] Economic Growth. A Graduate Textbook on Economic Growth
RJ Barro… - 1995 - McGraw Hill
X Sala-i-Martin - Working Papers, 1992 - econpapers.repec.org
... EconPapers has moved to http://EconPapers.repec.org! Please update
your bookmarks. Pensions. Xavier Sala-i-Martin. ...
X Sala-i-Martin… - Papers, 1995 - ideas.repec.org
No abstract is available for this item. ... To our knowledge, this item is not available for
download. To find whether it is available, there are three options: 1. Check below under "Related
research" whether another version of this item is available online. 2. Check on the ...
[CITATION] Empirics of Economics Growth: Cross-Sectional Analysis
X Sala-i-Martin, RJ Barro… - Zagreb Journal of Economics, 1997
[CITATION] Economic Growth, 2"“Edition
RJ Barro… - 2004 - Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
[CITATION] Economic Growth and Convergence Across the United States
X Sala-i-Martin - 1989 - Cambridge, MA: NBER
[CITATION] Financial Development
N Roubini… - Trade Regimes and, 1991
[CITATION] Federal fiscal policy and optimum currency areas: evidence for Europe from the United States
J Sachs… - NBER Working Paper, 1991
X Sala-i-Martin - Economics Working Papers, 1995 - ideas.repec.org
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