C Goldin - New York, 1990 - books.google.com
Recent research on gender differences in earnings and occupations has produced a
discouraging set of findings. The ratio of female to male earnings among fulltime workers
was roughly constant from the 1950's to the early 1980's, and the segregation of ...
C Goldin… - The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract Current concern with the impact of new technologies on the wage structure
motivates this study. We offer evidence that technology-skill and capital-skill (relative)
complementarities existed in manufacturing early in this century and were related to the ...
CD Goldin… - 2008 - books.google.com
Page 1. Claudia Goldin & Lawrence F. Katz Page 2. ... Page 3. Page 4. The Race between Education
and Technology claudia goldin lawrence f. katz The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2008 Page 5. ...
C Goldin… - 2000 - nber.org
The fraction of US college graduate women entering professional programs increased
substantially around 1970 and the age at first marriage among all US college graduate
women soared just after 1972. We explore the relationship between these two changes ...
C Goldin… - 1997 - nber.org
Discrimination against women has been alleged in hiring practices for many occupations,
but it is extremely difficult to demonstrate sex-biased hiring. A change in the way symphony
orchestras recruit musicians provides an unusual way to test for sex-biased hiring. To ...
C Goldin… - 1991 - nber.org
The structure of wages narrowed considerably during the 1940's, increased slightly during
the 1950's and 1960's, and then expanded greatly after 1970. The era of wage stretching of
the past two decades has been a current focus, but we return attention here to the decade ...
C Goldin - 2006 - nber.org
The modern economic role of women emerged in four phases. The first three were
evolutionary; the last was revolutionary. Phase I occurred from the late nineteenth century to
the 1920s; Phase II was from 1930 to 1950; Phase III extended from 1950 to the late ...
C Goldin, LF Katz… - 2006 - nber.org
Women are currently the majority of US college students and of those receiving a bachelor's
degree, but were 39 percent of undergraduates in 1960. We use three longitudinal data sets
of high school graduates in 1957, 1972, and 1992 to understand the narrowing of the ...
C Goldin - Journal of Economic History, 1998 - Cambridge Univ Press
Secondary-school enrollment and graduation rates increased spectacularly in much of the
United States from 1910 to 1940; the advance was particularly rapid from 1920 to 1935 in
the nonsouthern states. This increase was uniquely American; no other nation underwent ...
C Goldin… - 1998 - nber.org
The United States led all other nations in the development of universal and publicly-funded
secondary school education and much of the growth occurred from 1910 to 1940. The focus
here is on the reasons for the high school movement'in American generally and why it ...
C Goldin - 1994 - nber.org
With the passage of the Emergency Quota Act in May 1921 the era of open immigration to
the United States came to an abrupt end.'The American policy of virtually unrestricted
European immigration was transformed, almost overnight, to a quota system that would ...
C Goldin - 1994 - nber.org
The labor force participation rate of married women first declines and then rises as countries
develop. Its þ-shape is revealed both across the process of economic development and
through the histories of currently advanced countries. The initial decline in the ...
C Goldin… - 1998 - nber.org
The American university was shaped in a formative period from 1890 to 1940 long before
the rise of federal funding, the GI Bill, and mass higher education. Both the scale and scope
of institutions of higher education were greatly increased, the research university ...
C Goldin - 1985 - nber.org
Supervisory and monitoring costs are explored to understand aspects of occupational
segregation by sex. Around the turn of this century 47 percent of all female manufacturing
operatives were paid by the piece, but only 13 percent of the males were. There were very ...
C Goldin - 1995 - nber.org
Recent college graduate women express frustration regarding the obstacles they will face in
combining career and family. Tracing the demographic and labor force experiences of four
cohorts of college women across the past century allows us to observe the choices each ...
C Goldin - The Journal of Economic History, 2001 - Cambridge Univ Press
Abstract The modern concept of the wealth of nations emerged by the early twentieth
century. Capital embodied in people—human capital—mattered. The United States led all
nations in mass postelementary education during the “human-capital century.” The ...
C Goldin… - 1981 - nber.org
The first half of the nineteenth century was a critical juncture regarding the emergence of
female participation in the market economy, the increase in the wage of females relative to
that of adult males, and the evolution of large scale firms in both mechanized and non- ...
C Goldin… - 1999 - nber.org
Economic inequality is higher today than it has been since 1939, as measured by both the
wage structure and wealth inequality. But the comparison between 1939 and 1999 is largely
made out of necessity; the 1940 US population census was the first to inquire of wage and ...
C Goldin… - The American Economic Review, 1987 - JSTOR
Relative to men, women receive lower wages and are employed in lower paid and more
menial occupations. Because these unequal economic outcomes exist for a majority group,
widely dispersed in society, the subject of gender differentials is central to understanding ...
C Goldin… - The American Economic Review, 1996 - JSTOR
Recent technological advances and a widening of the wage structure have led many to
conclude that technology and human capital are relative complements. The possibility that
such a relationship exists today has prompted a widely held conjecture that technology ...
DO Parsons… - Economic Inquiry, 1989 - Wiley Online Library
Parsons, DO and Goldin, C.(1989), PARENTAL ALTRUISM AND SELF-INTEREST: CHILD
LABOR AMONG LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN FAMILIES. Economic Inquiry,
27: 637–659. doi: 10.1111/j. 1465-7295.1989. tb00794. x
C Goldin… - 1997 - nber.org
The second transformation'of US education the growth of secondary schooling occurred
swiftly in the early 1900s and placed the educational attainment of Americans far ahead of
that in other nations for much of the twentieth century. Just 9 percent of US youths had ...
M Bertrand, C Goldin… - 2009 - nber.org
This paper assesses the relative importance of various explanations for the gender gap in
career outcomes for highly-educated workers in the US corporate and financial sectors. The
careers of MBAs, who graduated between 1990 and 2006 from a top US business school, ...
CD Goldin - 1976 - getcited.org
An academic directory and search engine.
[CITATION] Family strategies and the family economy in the late nineteenth century: The role of secondary workers
C Goldin - Philadelphia: Work, space, family, and group …, 1981
C Goldin… - 2007 - nber.org
The US wage structure evolved across the last century: narrowing from 1910 to 1950, fairly
stable in the 1950s and 1960s, widening rapidly during the 1980s, and “polarizing” since the
late 1980s. We document the spectacular rise of US wage inequality after 1980 and place ...
CD Goldin… - The Journal of Economic History, 1975 - JSTOR
Page 1. THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY VOLUME XXXV JUNE 1975 NUMBER
2 The Economic Cost of the American Civil 'War: Estimates and Implications We are right to
see power, prestige, and confidence as conditioned by the Civil War. ...
C Goldin - 1991 - nber.org
The 1940's were a turning point in married women's labor force participation, leading many
to credit World War II with spurring economic and social change. This paper uses
information from two retrospective surveys, one in 1944 and another in 1951, to resolve ...
A free and informative press is widely agreed to be crucial to the democratic process. The
impact of investigative reporting in the Watergate scandal and the role of the press in the
exposure of Enron's accounting irregularities, among other legendary episodes, buttress ...
C Goldin - 1983 - nber.org
The five-fold increase in the labor force participation rate of married women over the last half
century was not accompanied by a substantial increase in the average job market
experience of working women. Two data sets giving life-cycle labor force histories for ...
C Goldin - 1999 - nber.org
This essay is the companion piece to about 550 individual data series on education to be
included in the updated Historical Statistics of the United States, Millennial Edition
(Cambridge University Press 2000, forthcoming). The essay reviews the broad outlines of ...
C Goldin - Explorations in Economic History, 1979 - Elsevier
Abstract Urban families in the late nineteenth century depended upon their children as their
most important source of labor income apart from the male head of house-hold. This paper
explores the determinants of the labor force participation of children over 10 years old ...
C Goldin… - 1995 - nber.org
Between 1890 and the late 1920s the premium to high school education declined
substantially for both men and women. In 1890 ordinary office workers, whose positions
generally required a high school diploma, earned almost twice what production workers ...
C Goldin… - The American economic review, 2001 - JSTOR
The United States led all rich and industrialized countries in the establishment of mass
secondary and higher education, and it led all in Europe by at least several decades for
much of the 20th century. The US advantage in the schooling of its young produced, by ...
C Goldin - Journal of Political Economy, 1999 - JSTOR
Secondary school education greatly expanded in the United States from 1910 to 1940,
setting its schooling attainment apart from that of all other countries. Barely 10 percent of
youth were high school graduates in 1910, but by the mid 1930s the median youth had a ...
C Goldin… - 2007 - nber.org
US educational and occupational wage differentials were exceptionally high at the dawn of
the twentieth century and then decreased in several stages over the next eight decades. But
starting in the early 1980s the labor market premium to skill rose sharply and by 2005 the ...
C Goldin… - The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1984 - qje.oxfordjournals.org
Abstract A two-sector model is used to explore the role of the agricultural sector in the
process of industrialization. Our hypothesis is that areas industrialize earlier where the
wages for females and children relative to those for adult males are initially low. ...
C Goldin… - 1999 - nber.org
We present the first estimates of the returns to years of schooling before 1940 using a large
sample of men and women, employed in a variety of sectors and occupations, from the Iowa
State Census of 1915. We find that the returns to a year of high school, and to a year of ...
MD Bordo, CD Goldin… - 1997 - books.google.com
Page 1. 1 The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century EDITED
BY MICHAEL D. BOKDO, CLAUDIA GOLDIN, AND EUGENE N. WHITE NATIONAL BUREAU
OF 1 ECONOMIC RESEARCH Page 2. This Page Intentionally Left Blank Page 3. ...
C Goldin - The Journal of Economic History, 1977 - Cambridge Univ Press
Abstract Although white women have only recently entered the work force, their black
counterparts have participated throughout American history. Differences between their rates
of participation have been recorded only for the post-1890 period and analyzed only for ...
C Goldin - 2004 - nber.org
The career and family outcomes of college graduate women suggest that the twentieth
century contained five distinct cohorts.'Each cohort made choices concerning career and
family subject to different constraints. The first cohort, graduating college from the ...
C Goldin… - The American economic review, 2000 - JSTOR
Genuine change in the economic and social status of US women did not emanate simply
from their increased labor-force participation, but rather, from their increase in professions
and as" career women." Those changes first began in the late 1960's and early 1970's. We ...
C Goldin - 1994 - nber.org
The study of the labor market across the past hundred years reveals enormous progress and
also that history repeats itself and has come full circle in some ways. Progress has been
made in the rewards of labor--wages, benefits, and increased leisure through shorter ...
C Goldin… - NBER Working Paper, 1999 - economics.harvard.edu
Abstract Economic inequality is higher today than at any time in the past sixty years,
measured by both the wage structure and wealth inequality. But the comparison between
1939 and 1999 is largely made out of necessity, since the 1940 US population census ...
C Goldin… - The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004 - ingentaconnect.com
Abstract: This paper tracks the fraction of college graduate women who kept their surnames
upon marriage and after childbirth and explores some of the correlates of surname retention.
Data from the New York Times, Harvard College alumni books, and Massachusetts birth ...
C Goldin… - The causes and consequences of increasing …, 2001 - books.google.com
Abstract: The evolution of wage inequality across the twentieth century in the United States
is a complicated tale in two parts. The last halfcentury is the better known of the two and has
been a period of widening inequality, especially since the 1970s. But the first half-century, ...
C Goldin… - The American Economic Review, 2008 - JSTOR
Among life's most vital transitions are those concerning family and career. We decide when
and whom to marry, how many children to have, whether to further our education, and which
occupations and jobsto pursue. Fundamental aspects of these transitions began to ...
C Goldin - 1992 - nber.org
Three cohorts of college women are considered here. The first, graduating from 1900 to
1920, was faced with a choice of" family or career,? while the second, graduating from 1945
to the early 1960s, opted for family and employment serially-that is," family then job." The ...
C Goldin - The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1983 - JSTOR
Quantitative Approach In the early nineteenth century only a small fraction of women in the
United States worked in the agricultural, industrial, and service components of the market
sector. Within agriculture the wages of females relative to those of men were exceptionally ...
EL Glaeser… - 2004 - nber.org
The United States today, according to most studies, is among the least corrupt nations in the
world. But America's past was checkered with political scandal and widespread corruption
that would not seem unusual compared with the most corrupt developing nation today. We ...
JB DeLong, C Goldin… - Agenda for the Nation, 2003 - 128.32.105.161
With rapid economic growth, social and economic problems become far less of a burden. A
fast growing economy is a rich economy. A rich economy is one in which people have more
options and better choices: the people can—through their individual private and collective ...
C Goldin, L Katz… - 2003 - nber.org
ABSTRACT In the three decades after 1910 the fraction of US youths enrolled in public and
private secondary schools soared from 18 to 71 percent and the fraction graduating
increased from 9 to 51 percent. At the same time, state compulsory education and child ...
C Goldin - 2002 - nber.org
Occupations are segregated by sex today, but were far more segregated in the early to mid-
twentieth century when married women began to enter the labor force in large numbers. It is
difficult to rationalize sex segregation and'wage discrimination'on the basis of men's taste ...
CD Goldin - The Journal of Economic History, 1973 - Cambridge Univ Press
Page 1. The Economics of Emancipation INTRODUCTION THIS paper illuminates
one particular aspect of the theme of this session, property rights in man. It will deal
with various emancipation plans: those actually enacted in ...
C Goldin - 2002 - nber.org
In the past two decades gender pay differences have narrowed considerably and a
declining significance of gender has pervaded the labor market in numerous ways. This
paper contends that in the first several decades of the twentieth century there was a rising ...
C Goldin… - 1992 - nber.org
America experienced several expansions and contractions in economic activity between its
founding and the Civil War. The Embargo of 1807 abruptly ended the export boom of the
Napoleonic Wars, a recession followed the War of 1812, there was a panic in 1819, and a ...
K Baicker, C Goldin… - 1998 - nber.org
The authors thank their discussant, Bruce Meyer, for his exceptionally detailed comments
and others at the conference for general guidance. They are grateful to Stephen Wandner of
the US Department of Labor, Unemployment Insurance Service, for the updated data on ...
C Goldin… - The American Economic Review, 1998 - JSTOR
In recent years, the publicly controlled sector has accounted for about 67 percent of all
students in four-year institutions of higher education, whereas in 1897 the figure was only 22
percent.'The transition was early and swift, however, for on the eve of the United States' ...
C Goldin… - 2003 - nber.org
By the mid-nineteenth century school enrollment rates in the United States exceeded those
of any other nation in the world and by the early twentieth century the United States had
accomplished mass education at all levels. No country was able to close the gap until the ...
G Alter, C Goldin… - The Journal of Economic …, 1994 - Cambridge Univ Press
Abstract We explore the savings behavior of ordinary Americans through their accounts at
the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society, the oldest mutual savings bank in the United States.
Our sample contains all 2,374 accounts opened in 1850. Savings accounts were ...
C Goldin - 1986 - nber.org
The causes and consequences of state maximum hours laws for female workers, passed
from the mid-1800s to the 1920s, are explored and are found to differ from a recent
reinterpretation. Although maximum hours legislation reduced scheduled hours in 1920, ...
C Goldin - The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1986 - JSTOR
That woman was the slave of man at the commencement of society is one of the most absurd
notions that have come down to us from the period of the Enlightenment.... Woman occupied
not only a free but also a highly respected position.... As wealth increased, it... gave the ...
C Goldin - 1988 - nber.org
Modern personnel practices, social consensus, and the Depression acted in concert to delay
the emergence of married women in the American economy through an institution known as
the" marriage bar." Marriage bars were policies adopted by firms and local school boards, ...
CD Goldin… - 1994 - books.google.com
... The Regulated Economy Page 4. A National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report Page
5. The Regulated Economy A Historical Approach to Political Economy Edited by Claudia Goldin
and Gary D. Libecap The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London Page 6. ...
S Engerman… - 1991 - nber.org
In nineteenth century America, most employment, particularly that in agriculture, was highly
seasonal. Thus the movement of labor from outdoor to indoor must have increased labor
hours and days per year, thereby resulting in higher national income and greater ...
CD Goldin… - Explorations in Economic History, 1980 - econpapers.repec.org
By Claudia D. Goldin and Frank D. Lewis; The role of exports in American
economic growth during the napoleonic wars, 1793 to 1807.
C Goldin - Explorations in Economic History, 1984 - Elsevier
... The historical evolution of female earnings functions and occupations *1. Claudia Goldin.
Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Research Associate, National Bureau
of Economic Research, USA. Available online 27 July 2004. Abstract. ...
EL Glaeser… - 2006 - books.google.com
... Page 3. A National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report Page 4. Corruption and
Reform Lessons from America's Economic History Edited by Edward L. Glaeser and Claudia
Goldin The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London Page 5. ...
C Goldin - 1979 - nber.org
Single women in the US dominated the female labor force from 1870 to 1920. Data on the
home life and working conditions of women in 1888 and 1907 enable the estimation of
earnings functions. Work in the manufacturing sector for these women was task oriented ...
C Goldin - Explorations in Economic History, 1979 - econpapers.repec.org
... EconPapers has moved to http://EconPapers.repec.org! Please update your bookmarks. N kinds
of freedom: An introduction to the issues. Claudia Goldin. Explorations in Economic History, 1979,
vol. 16, issue 1, pages 8-30. Date: 1979 Track citations by RSS feed. ...
C Goldin - 1986 - nber.org
When the labor force participation of a nation increases, measured national income per
capita also rises. In the history of the American economy, as in other Western nations, the
labor force participation rate has increased because the participation of prime-aged ...
C Goldin - 2004 - nber.org
Meaningful discussions about women at the top'can take place today only because a quiet
revolution occurred about thirty years ago. The transformation was startlingly rapid and was
accomplished by the unwitting foot soldiers of an upheaval that transformed the workforce. ...
C Goldin - 1994 - nber.org
Human capital accumulation and technological change were to the twentieth century what
physical capital accumulation was to the nineteenth century--the engine of growth. The
accumulation of human capital accounts for almost 60% of all capital formation and 28% ...
CD Goldin… - 1992 - books.google.com
... Page 5. Strategic Factors in Nineteenth Century American Economic History A Volume
to Honor Robert W. Fogel Edited by Claudia Goldin and Hugh Rockoff ;f^Cfc. The
University of Chicago Press ^Qii Chicago and London Page 6. ...
C Goldin… - Explorations in Economic History, 1989 - Elsevier
Abstract Birth weights and infant mortality in Philadelphia from 1848 to 1873 are analyzed
using almshouse hospital case records. The mean birth weight was 7.48 pounds for live
infants and compares favorably with mid-20th century standards; only 10% were below ...
C Goldin - Education Next, 2003 - media.hoover.org
The 20th century became the human-capital century. No nation today—no matter how poor—
can afford not to educate its youth at the secondary-school level and beyond. Yet at the start
of the 20th century even the world's richest countries—richer than many poor nations are ...
[CITATION] The race between technology and education
C Goldin… - Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2008
C Goldin - New York Times, 2006 - awn.wustl.edu
HIGHLY educated women are getting a bum rap from the press. There has recently been a
spate of news and opinion articles telling us that these women, especially graduates of the
best universities and professional schools, are" opting out" in record numbers, choosing ...
C Goldin… - The Journal of Economic History, 1978 - JSTOR
In a recent article in this JOURNAL we estimated the impact of the Civil War and related
events, by constructing a hypothetical consumption stream-one which would have existed in
the absence of the war.'The" cost of the war" to the North and to the South was computed ...
C Goldin - Computer Chips and Paper Clips: Case studies and …, 1986 - books.google.com
Claudia Goldin The impact of technological change on female employment is an issue in
two parts: that relating to all workers and that just to women. Technological change, in
concert with the demand for output, is the driving force for all employment in the long run, ...
C Goldin - 1986 - nber.org
Has economic progress increased the relative earnings of females to males over the long
run? Evidence on trends in the earnings gap for the last four decades appears to run counter
to this hypothesis. Numerous data sources are used in this paper to piece together a 170- ...
[CITATION] ON THE PILL: CHANGING THE COURSE OF WOMEN'S EDUCATION Better living through chemistry
C Goldin… - Milken Institute Review, 2001 - UNKNOWN
C Goldin - The American Economic Review, 1997 - JSTOR
As Clio (metrics) turns 40 and enters middle age, it is instructive to look back at her life story
and career. Cliometrics, as a discipline, originated in 1958 with the work of Alfred Conrad
and John Meyer (1958)(see Goldin 1995). Clio was but a youth until the mid-1960's, and it ...
[CITATION] The meaning of college in the lives of American women: the past 100 years
C Goldin - NBER Working Paper, 1992
[CITATION] The earnings gap in historical perspective
C Goldin - Comparable Worth: Issue for the 80s, 1984
C Goldin - 1980 - nber.org
Of all the changes in the history of women's market work, few have been more impressive
than the rapid emergence and feminization of the clerical sector and the related decline in
manufacturing employment for women. Although a century ago few women were clerical ...
C Goldin… - 2003 - nber.org
In the three decades from 1910 to 1940, the fraction of US youths enrolled in public and
private secondary schools increased from 18 to 71 percent and the fraction graduating
soared from 9 to 51 percent. At the same time, state compulsory education and child labor ...
C Goldin - Regional Review, 2005 - bos.frb.org
1 When the young women were first interviewed in 1968 and until 1971 their answers to the
question “what will you be doing at age 35 years”(and variants of the question) did not vary
much by their current age (as shown in Figure 1, Part A for those 14 to 21 years in 1968). ...
[CITATION] A Model to Explain the Relative Decline of Urban Slavery: Empirical Results
CD Goldin - Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere: …, 1975
C Goldin - 1994 - nber.org
A new state-level series on secondary-school data demonstrates that graduation and
enrollment rates increased greatly in the 1920s and 1930s in most regions. An 18-year old
male in 1910 had just a 10% chance of having a high school diploma but by the mid- ...
[CITATION] Pollution theory of discrimination
C Goldin - 2002
[CITATION] Education and Income in the Early 20th Century: Evidence from the Prairies, 1915 to 1950
C Goldin… - NBER Working Paper (forthcoming). Paper presented …, 1999
[CITATION] The Gender Gap in Historical Perspective
C Goldin - Comparable Worth: Issue for the, 1987
[CITATION] The return to skill in the 20th century
C Goldin… - 2000 - working paper, Harvard University
[CITATION] The gender gap in historical perspective, 1800 to 1980
C Goldin - Quantity and Quality: Essays in American Economic …, 1986
C Goldin - New Perspectives, 1985 - eric.ed.gov
Abstract: Despite the great influx of women into the labor market, the gap between men's
and women's wages has remained stable at 40 percent since 1950. Analysis of labor data
suggests that this has occurred because women's educational attainment compared to ...
[CITATION] Credit merchandising in the New South: The role of competition and risk
CD Goldin - Market Institutions and Economic Progress in the New …, 1865
[CITATION] Gender Gap
C Goldin - The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics, 2008
C Goldin… - NBER Working Paper, 2008 - economics.harvard.edu
ABSTRACT In the three decades after 1910 the fraction of US youths enrolled in public and
private secondary schools soared from 18 to 71 percent and the fraction graduating
increased from 9 to 51 percent. At the same time, state compulsory education and child ...
[CITATION] The origins of Skill Capital Complementarity
C Goldin… - Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998
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