American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article What is Economic Sociology and Should any Economists Care? RobertGibbons 3 7 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147912 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Identity and the Economics of Organizations George A.Akerlof Rachel E.Kranton 9 32 The economics of organizations is replete with the pitfalls of monetary rewards and punishments to motivate workers. If economic incentives do not work, what does? This paper proposes that workers' self-image as jobholders, coupled with their ideal as to how their job should be done, can be a major work incentive. It shows how such identities can flatten reward schedules, as they solve "principal-agent" problem. The paper also identifies and explores a new tradeoff: supervisors may provide information to principals, but create rifts within the workforce and reduce employees' intrinsic work incentives. We motivate the theory with examples from the classic sociology of military and civilian organizations. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=2&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147930 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes MarkGranovetter 33 50 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=3&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147958 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Ecologies of Organizations: Diversity and Identity Michael T.Hannan 51 70 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=4&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147985 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article A Sociological Perspective on Gender and Career Outcomes Barbara F.Reskin Denise D.Bielby 71 86 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=5&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053148010 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Russian Retrospectives on Reforms from Yeltsin to Putin PadmaDesai 87 106 The kamikaze crew of liberal reformers, picked by former President Boris Yeltsin in the early 1990s, succeeded in overturning the planned economy and the authoritarian political arrangements of seven decades of Soviet Communism. However, the resulting breakdown of political cohesion and the urgency of restoring stability prompted Yeltsin to select Vladimir Putin as his successor. The consolidating impetus under Putin, who was elected president in early 2000, has raised concerns about the continuation of economic and political reforms under his leadership. In this essay, nine Russian interviewees look back on the reform issues under Yeltsin and look ahead on the unfolding political economy scenario under Putin. They include three principle economic reformers under Yeltsin, three economic policy analysts, and three banking professionals. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=6&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147903 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Autopsy on an Empire: Understanding Mortality in Russia and the Former Soviet Union ElizabethBrainerd David M.Cutler 107 130 Male life expectancy at birth fell by over six years in Russia between 1989 and 1994. Many other countries of the former Soviet Union saw similar declines, and female life expectancy fell as well. Using cross-country and Russian household survey data, we assess six possible explanations for this upsurge in mortality. Most find little support in the data: the deterioration of the health care system, changes in diet and obesity, and material deprivation fail to explain the increase in mortality rates. The two factors that do appear to be important are alcohol consumption, especially as it relates to external causes of death (homicide, suicide, and accidents) and stress associated with a poor outlook for the future. However, a large residual remains to be explained. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=7&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147921 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article The Role of Oligarchs in Russian Capitalism SergeiGuriev AndreiRachinsky 131 150 Using a unique dataset, we describe the degree of ownership concentration in Russian economy and its role in shaping economic and political institutions in Russia. In particular, we find that Russian "oligarchs" do control a substantial part of the economy. While the relative weight of their firms in Russian economy is huge, they do not seem to be excessively large by the standards of the global economy where most of them are operating. The oligarchs seem to run their firms more efficiently than other Russian owners controlling for industry, region and size. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=8&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147994 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article A Normal Country: Russia After Communism AndreiShleifer DanielTreisman 151 174 During the 1990s, Russia underwent an extraordinary transformation from a communist dictatorship to a multi-party democracy, from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, and from a belligerent adversary of the West to a cooperative partner. Yet a consensus in the US circa 2000 viewed Russia as a disastrous and threatening failure, and the 1990s as a decade of catastrophe for its citizens. Analyzing a variety of economic and political data, we demonstrate a large gap between this perception and the facts. In contrast to the common image, by the late 1990s Russia had become a typical middle-income capitalist democracy. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=9&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147949 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article The Making of an Economist Redux DavidColander 175 198 This paper reports the findings of a survey and interviews with graduate students at seven top-ranking graduate economics programs. It finds that over the last 15 years graduate economics programs have become more empirical, less mathematical and less theoretically oriented, and that the students are generally positive about the profession. It also finds fewer differences among school. Despite the improvements, and greater student satisfaction, the paper suggests that there are serious pedagogical questions about the focus of the core on mathematical techniques rather than on creativity and economic reasoning, which students see as the true core of economics. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=10&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147976 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Child Labor in the Global Economy Eric V.Edmonds NinaPavcnik 199 220 Few issues in developing countries draw as much popular attention as child labor. This paper begins by quantifying the extent and main characteristics of child labor. It then considers the evidence on a range of issues about child labor. Fundamentally, child labor is a symptom of poverty. Low income and poor institutions are driving forces behind the prevalence of child labor worldwide. This study concludes by assessing the policy options to reduce worldwide child labor. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=11&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147895 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Data Watch: The American Time Use Survey Daniel S.Hamermesh HarleyFrazis JayStewart 221 232 We discuss the new American Time Use Survey (ATUS), an on-going household survey of roughly 1,200 Americans per month (1,800 per month in the first year, 2003) that collects time diaries as well as demographic interview information from respondents who had recently been in the Current Population Survey. The characteristics of the data are presented, as are caveats and concerns that one might have about them. A number of novel uses of the ATUS in economic research, including in the areas of macroeconomics, national income accounting, labor economics, and others, are proposed to illustrate the magnitude of this new survey's possible applications. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=12&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053148029 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Recommendations for Further Reading BernardSaffran 233 240 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=13&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053148001 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Comments 241 243 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=14&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147886 American Economic Association Nashville, TN 0895-3309 Journal of Economic Perspectives http://www.aeaweb.org/jep/ 19 1 Winter 2005 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/issue_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&issue_date=Winter 2005 Journal Article Notes 245 247 http://www.aeaweb.org/articles/article_detail.php?journal=JEP&volume=19&issue=1&article=15&issue_date=Winter 2005 10.1257/0895330053147967