JEL Classification Codes Guide
The guide provides JEL Code application guidelines, keywords, and examples of items within each classification.
The "JEL" classification system originated with the Journal of Economic Literature and is a standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. It is used in many of the AEA's published research materials.
Use the guide to gain insight on how JEL Codes are used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers. You will also find it is helpful when adding classification codes to your own work.
Click here for printer-friendly formats of the JEL Classification System.
| A General Economics and Teaching |
| B History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches |
| C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods |
| D Microeconomics |
| E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics |
| F International Economics |
| G Financial Economics |
| H Public Economics |
| I Health, Education, and Welfare |
| J Labor and Demographic Economics |
| K Law and Economics |
| L Industrial Organization |
| M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics |
| N Economic History |
| O Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth |
| P Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems |
| Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics |
| R Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics |
| Y Miscellaneous Categories |
| Z Other Special Topics |
| P | Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems |
| Guideline: | Covers studies about issues treated in the field of comparative economics. P1 covers studies about capitalist economic systems, P2 and P3 cover studies about the socialist and the transitional economic systems, and P4 covers studies about other economic systems, for example the Islamic economic system. Although it is not always easy to distinguish, studies included under P-categories should be related to system issues. |
| Keywords: | |
| P00 | General |
| P000 | Economic Systems: General |
| Guideline: | Covers studies about general issues related to comparative economic systems or related economies, including survey articles and textbooks. |