JEL Classification Codes Guide


The information on these pages is to provide helpful reference information and guidelines about the JEL Classifications and the EconLit Subject Descriptors.

You can drill down to the more detailed secondary level of classifications by clicking on the JEL code links (for example, A3, H7); these contain more descriptive guidelines, keywords, and also examples of items with that specific classification.

A General Economics and Teaching
B History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
D Microeconomics
E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
F International Economics
G Financial Economics
H Public Economics
I Health, Education, and Welfare
J Labor and Demographic Economics
K Law and Economics
L Industrial Organization
M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
N Economic History
O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
P Economic Systems
Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
R Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
Y Miscellaneous Categories
Z Other Special Topics
L Industrial Organization
Guideline:There are many subcategories in microeconomics that are closely related to those in L (Industrial Organization). In particular, the D2 and L2 categories and the D4 and L1 categories deal with the same or similar subjects. An operational distinction adopted is that studies emphasizing abstract analysis (which can be empirical) should be classified under the appropriate categories in D while those emphasizing operational sides (application and applicability) should be classified under the appropriate categories in L. Since such a distinction is not always possible, many studies should be cross-classified under both categories. Studies in industrial organization pertaining to economic development should be cross-classified under appropriate categories in L and under O12 or O14 or other appropriate categories in O. Those studies pertaining to socialist and transitional economies or other economic systems should be cross-classified under appropriate categories in L and P2, P3, or P4. Studies at the urban-regional level should be cross-classified under appropriate categories in L and R
Keywords:
L00 General
L000 Industrial Organization: General
Guideline: Covers studies about general issues related to industrial organization, including survey articles and textbooks.