JEL Classification Codes Guide
The guide provides JEL Code application guidelines, keywords, and examples of items within each classification.
The "JEL" classification system originated with the Journal of Economic Literature and is a standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. It is used in many of the AEA's published research materials.
Use the guide to gain insight on how JEL Codes are used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers. You will also find it is helpful when adding classification codes to your own work.
Click here for printer-friendly formats of the JEL Classification System.
| A General Economics and Teaching |
| B History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches |
| C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods |
| D Microeconomics |
| E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics |
| F International Economics |
| G Financial Economics |
| H Public Economics |
| I Health, Education, and Welfare |
| J Labor and Demographic Economics |
| K Law and Economics |
| L Industrial Organization |
| M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics |
| N Economic History |
| O Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth |
| P Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems |
| Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics |
| R Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics |
| Y Miscellaneous Categories |
| Z Other Special Topics |
| J | Labor and Demographic Economics |
| Guideline: | Covers studies about macro- and micro-issues in demographic economics and studies about microeconomic issues in labor economics. Studies about macroeconomic labor markets should be classified under E24, and should be cross-classified here only if they are relevant to labor economics in general. Studies about regional labor markets and regional population should be classified under R23 and should be cross-classified here if they are relevant to these topics in general. Studies about the same labor and demographic topics pertaining to economic development should be cross-classified here and under O15; those pertaining to socialist or transitional economies are cross-classified under P23 (P42 for other economic systems). Studies about regional labor markets and regional population should be classified under R23 and should be cross-classified here if they are relevant to these topics in general. Studies about issues in personnel economics, an economic field included recently, should be cross-classified under the appropriate categories in J2- J8 and the appropriate categories in M5, if relevant. |
| Keywords: | |
| J00 | General |
| J000 | Labor and Demographic Economics: General |
| Guideline: | Covers studies about general issues related to both labor and demographic economics, including survey articles, textbooks and data. |