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Primary JEL Classification Menu

A General Economics and Teaching

B History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

D Microeconomics

E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

F International Economics

G Financial Economics

H Public Economics

I Health, Education, and Welfare

J Labor and Demographic Economics

K Law and Economics

L Industrial Organization

M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting

N Economic History

O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

P Economic Systems

Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics

Y Miscellaneous Categories

Z Other Special Topics

JEL Classification Codes Guide

The information on these pages is to provide helpful reference information and guidelines about the JEL Classification Codes.

Choose a Primary JEL Classification Code from the list on the right. You can drill down to the more detailed secondary level of classifications by clicking on the JEL code links (for example, A3, H7); these contain more descriptive guidelines, keywords, and also examples of items with that specific classification.

F	International Economics
Guideline:	Covers studies about issues, including policy issues, related to international trade, factor movements, international finance, and open-economy macroeconomics. Studies about member countries of a geographic entity, for example Latin America, or a political and/or economic union that are treated as regions should be included here. They should be cross-classified under the appropriate categories in R1 if they are of interest to urban-regional economists. Studies about international political economy should be classified under the appropriate categories in F5. The F5 categories were established in 2006. Earlier studies were classified under F02, H56, or D74. Note that all categories in F include policy studies. There is no separate policy category in F.
Keywords:	None Specified


F00	General
F000	International Economics: General
Guideline:	Covers studies about general issues related to international economics, mostly textbooks or survey articles.

F1	Trade
Guideline:	Covers both theoretical and empirical studies about issues related to international trade, including trade and the labor market (F16) and trade and the environment (F18), which is also classified under Q56.
Keywords:	Exports, Free Trade, International Trade, Trade, Welfare

F2	International Factor Movements and International Business
Guideline:	Covers studies about issues related to international labor and capital movements, international business, and related policies. Studies about the international transfer of technology and knowledge should be classified under O33 and O34.
Keywords:	None Specified

F3	International Finance
Guideline:	Covers studies about issues related to international finance, including the determinants of foreign exchange rates, foreign exchange reserves, international monetary arrangements (exchange rate regimes) and institutions (for example the IMF or the World Bank), international lending, foreign aid, and the financial aspects of integration (for example EMU).
Keywords:	Globalisation, Globalization, Liberalisation, Liberalization

F4	Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
Guideline:	Covers studies about issues pertaining to open economy macroeconomics. Studies about the international linkages of macroeconomic development, either related to international trade and/or finance, should be cross-classified under O19.
Keywords:	Export Driven, Export Led, Open Economies, Open Economy, Open Economy Macroeconomics

F5	International Relations and International Political Economy
Guideline:	Covers studies about issues related to international relations and their economic impacts. These categories were created in 2006. Earlier studies on these topics were classified under related categories, for example D74, F02 and H56.
Keywords:	None Specified