JEL Classification Codes Guide


The information on these pages is to provide helpful reference information and guidelines about the JEL Classifications and the EconLit Subject Descriptors.

You can drill down to the more detailed secondary level of classifications by clicking on the JEL code links (for example, A3, H7); these contain more descriptive guidelines, keywords, and also examples of items with that specific classification.

A General Economics and Teaching
B History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
D Microeconomics
E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
F International Economics
G Financial Economics
H Public Economics
I Health, Education, and Welfare
J Labor and Demographic Economics
K Law and Economics
L Industrial Organization
M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
N Economic History
O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
P Economic Systems
Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
R Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
Y Miscellaneous Categories
Z Other Special Topics
E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
Guideline:Covers theoretical and empirical studies about the aggregate performance of an economy: output, employment, prices, and interest rates and their determinants. Studies about the microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics that are of substantive interest to micro-economists should be cross-classified here and under the appropriate categories in D. However, cross-classification under categories in D should not be automatic. For example, macroeconomic constructs using the representative agent (the consumer or the firm) should not be cross-classified under categories in D unless they contain some novel microeconomic content. Studies about open economy macroeconomics should be classified under appropriate categories in F4. Macroeconomic studies pertaining to economic development should be cross-classified under appropriate E categories and under O11 and other appropriate O categories if they are relevant to the pertinent macroeconomic studies in general. Those studies pertaining to socialist and transitional economies or other economic systems should be cross-classified under appropriate categories in E and P2, P3, or P4.
Keywords:
E00 General
E000 Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General
Guideline: Covers studies about general issues related to macroeconomics, including macroeconomics textbooks and survey studies about multi-macroeconomic subjects.