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Gentzkow, Matthew,
Jesse M. Shapiro, and
Michael Sinkinson. 2011. "The Effect of Newspaper Entry and Exit on Electoral Politics."
,
101(7): 2980-3018.
Show Article Details
DOI: 10.1257/aer.101.7.2980
Abstract:We use new data on entries and exits of US daily newspapers from 1869 to 2004 to estimate effects on political participation, party vote shares, and electoral competitiveness. Our identification strategy exploits the precise timing of these events and allows for the possibility of confounding trends. We focus our analysis on the years 1869-1928, and we use the remaining years of data to look at changes over time. We find that newspapers have a robust positive effect on political participation, with one additional newspaper increasing both
presidential and congressional turnout by approximately 0.3 percentage points. Newspaper competition is not a key driver of turnout: our effect is driven mainly by the first newspaper in a market, and the effect of a second or third paper is significantly smaller. The effect on presidential turnout diminishes after the introduction of radio and television, while the estimated effect on congressional turnout remains similar up to recent years. We find no evidence that partisan
newspapers affect party vote shares, with confidence intervals that rule out even moderate-sized effects. We find no clear evidence that newspapers systematically help or hurt incumbents. (JEL D72, L11, L82, N41, N42, N81, N82)
Additional links:
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Online Appendix
Authors:
Gentzkow, Matthew (U Chicago)
Shapiro, Jesse M. (U Chicago)
Sinkinson, Michael (Harvard U)
JEL Classifications:
D72: Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
L11: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
L82: Entertainment; Media
N41: Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N42: Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N81: Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N82: Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913-
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