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American Economic Review: Vol. 92 No. 1 (March 2002)

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Racial Integration as an Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Sports Leagues

Article Citation

Goff, Brian L., Robert E. McCormick, and Robert D. Tollison. 2002. "Racial Integration as an Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Sports Leagues ." The American Economic Review, 92(1): 16-26.

DOI: 10.1257/000282802760015586

Abstract

This paper treats racial integration as an innovation in economic process in which economic entities find it advantageous to utilize potentially more productive inputs previously unavailable due to law, custom, or managerial discretion. Data on the racial integration of Major League Baseball and Atlantic Coast Conference basketball are employed to address this issue. The central question examined is which type of team integrated first—losers or winners? The results strongly support the idea that entrepreneurship trumps competitive rivalry; that is, winning teams led the process of racial integration.

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Authors

Goff, Brian L. (Department of Economics, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, US)
McCormick, Robert E. (Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, US)
Tollison, Robert D. (Department of Economics, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, US)


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