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American Economic Review: Vol. 99 No. 3 (June 2009)
AER Volume. 99, Issue 3 | 
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The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography
Article Citation
Krugman, Paul. 2009. "The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography."
American Economic Review,
99(3): 561-71.
DOI: 10.1257/aer.99.3.561
DOI: 10.1257/aer.99.3.561
Abstract
Thirty years have passed since a small group of theorists began applying concepts and tools
from industrial organization to the analysis of international trade. The new models of trade that
emerged from that work didn't supplant traditional trade theory so much as supplement it, creating
an integrated view that made sense of aspects of world trade that had previously posed major
puzzles. The "new trade theory"—an unfortunate phrase, now quite often referred to as "the old
new trade theory"—also helped build a bridge between the analysis of trade between countries
and the location of production within countries.
In this paper I will try to retrace the steps and, perhaps even more important, the state of mind
that made this intellectual transformation possible. At the end I'll also ask about the relevance
of those once-revolutionary insights in a world economy that, as I'll explain, is arguably more
classical now than it was when the revolution in trade theory began.
Article Full-Text Access
Full-text Article
Authors
Krugman, Paul (Princeton U)
JEL Classifications
F10: Trade: General
R12: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R12: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
