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American Economic Review: Vol. 91 No. 4 (September 2001)
AER Volume. 91, Issue 4 | 
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Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of U.S.-Canada Trade
Article Citation
Head, Keith, and
John Ries. 2001. "Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of U.S.-Canada Trade."
American Economic Review,
91(4): 858-876.
DOI: 10.1257/aer.91.4.858
DOI: 10.1257/aer.91.4.858
Abstract
We evaluate two alternative models of international trade in differentiated products. An increasing returns model where varieties are linked to firms predicts home market effects: increases in a country's share of demand cause disproportionate increases in its share of output. In contrast, a constant returns model with national product differentiation predicts a less than proportionate increase. We examine a panel of U.S. and Canadian manufacturing industries to test the models. Although we find support for either model, depending on whether we estimate based on within or between variation, the preponderance of the evidence supports national product differentiation.
Article Full-Text Access
Full-text Article
Authors
Head, Keith (U British Columbia)
Ries, John (U British Columbia)
Ries, John (U British Columbia)
JEL Classifications
F12: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F14: Country and Industry Studies of Trade
L60: Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
F14: Country and Industry Studies of Trade
L60: Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
